4.  In order to heal this infirmity, which is so natural to the best and wisest of men, I have taken a particular pleasure in observing the conduct of the old philosophers, how they bore themselves up against the malice and detraction of their enemies.

5.  The way to silence calumny, says Bias, is to be always exercised in such things as are praise-worthy. Socrates, after having received sentence, told his friends that he had always accustomed himself to regard truth and not censure, and that he was not troubled at his condemnation, because he knew himself free from guilt.  It was in the same spirit that he heard the accusations of his two great adversaries, who had uttered against him the most virulent reproaches.

6. Anytus and Melitus, says he, may procure sentence against me, but they cannot hurt me.  This divine philosopher was so well fortified in his own innocence, that he neglected all the impotence of evil tongues which were engaged in his destruction.  This was properly the support of a good conscience, that contradicted the reports which had been raised against him, and cleared him to himself.

7.  Others of the philosophers rather chose to retort the injury of a smart reply, than thus to disarm it with respect to themselves.  They shew that it stung them, though at the same time they had the address to make their aggressors suffer with them.  Of this kind is Aristotle’s reply to one who pursued him with long and bitter invectives.  You, says he, who are used to suffer reproaches, utter them with delight; I who have not been used to utter them, take no pleasure in hearing them.

8.  Diogenes was still more severe on one who spoke ill of him:  nobody will believe you when you speak ill of me, any more than they would believe me when I speak well of you.

In these and many other instances I could produce, the bitterness of the answer sufficiently testifies the uneasiness of mind the person was under who made it.

9.  I would rather advise my reader, if he has not in this case the secret consolation, that he deserves no such reproaches as are cast upon him, to follow the advice of Epictetus:  If any one speaks ill of thee, consider whether he has truth on his side; and if so, reform thyself that his censures may not affect thee.

10.  When Anaximander was told that the very boys laughed at his singing:  Ay, says he, then I must learn to sing better.  But of all the sayings of philosophers which I have gathered together for my own use on this occasion, there are none which carry in them more candour and good sense than the two following ones of Plato.

11.  Being told that he had many enemies who spoke ill of him; it is no matter, said he, I will live so that none shall believe them.  Hearing at another time, that an intimate friend of his had spoken detractingly of him, I am sure he would not do it, says he, if he had not some reason for it.