1.  A knowledge of the world, by our own experience and observation, is so necessary, that without it we shall act very absurdly, and frequently give offence when we do not mean it.  All the learning and parts in the world will not secure us from it.  Without an acquaintance with life, a man may say very good things, but time them so ill, and address them so improperly, that he had much better be silent.  Full of himself and his own business, and inattentive to the circumstances and situations of those he converses with, he vents it without the least discretion, says things that he ought not to say, confutes some, shocks others, and puts the whole company in pain, lest what he utters next should prove worse than the last.  The best direction I can give you in this matter, is, rather to fall in with the conversation of others, than start a subject of your own:  rather strive to put them more in conceit with themselves, than to draw their attention to you.

2.  A novice in life, he who knows little of mankind, but what he collects from books, lays it down as a maxim, that most men love flattery; in order therefore to please, he will flatter:  but, how?  Without regard either to circumstances or occasions.  Instead of those delicate touches, those soft tints, that serve to heighten the piece, he lays on his colours with a heavy hand, and daubs where he means to adorn:  in other words, he will flatter so unseasonably, and, at the same time, so grossly, that while he wishes to please he puts out of countenance and is sure to offend.  On the contrary, a man of the world, one who has made life his study, knows the power of flattery as well as he; but then he knows how to apply it; he watches the opportunity, and does it indirectly, by inference, comparison and hint.

3.  Man is made up of such a variety of matter, that, to search him thoroughly, requires time and attention; for, though we are all made of the same materials, and have all the same passions, yet, from a difference in their proportion and combination, we vary in our dispositions; what is agreeable to one is disagreeable to another, and what one shall approve, another shall condemn.  Reason is given us to controul these passions, but seldom does it.  Application therefore to the reason of any man will frequently prove ineffectual, unless we endeavour at the same time to gain his heart.

4.  Wherever then you are, search into the characters of men; find out, if possible, their foible, their governing; passion, or their particular merit; take them on their weak side, and you will generally succeed:  their prevailing vanity you may readily discover, by observing; their favourite topic of conversation, for every one talks most of what he would be thought most to excel in.

5.  The time should also be judiciously made choice of.  Every man has his particular times when he may be applied to with success, the mollia tempora fandi:  but these times are not all the day long; they must be found out, watched, and taken advantage of.  You could not hope for success in applying to a man about one business, when he was taken up with another, or when his mind was affected with excess of grief, anger, or the like.