Master Crimm was very abusive and cruel to his slaves.  He would beat them for any little offense.  He took pleasure in taking little children from their mothers and selling them, sending them as far away as possible.

Nathan’s stepfather, Willis Jones, was a very strong man, a very good worker, and knew just enough to be resentful of his master’s cruel treatment, decided to run away, living in the woods for days.  His master sent out searchers for him, who always came in without him.  The day of the sale, Willis made his appearance and was the first slave to be put on the block.

His new master, a Mr. Jones of Tipton, Tennessee, was very kind to him.  He said it was a real pleasure to work for Mr. Jones as he had such a kind heart and respected his slaves.

Nathan remembers seeing slaves, both men and women, with their hands and feet staked to the ground, their faces down, giving them no chance to resist the overseers, whipped with cow hides until the blood gushed from their backs.  “A very cruel way to treat human beings.”

Nathan married very young, worked very hard, started buying a small orchard, but was “figgered” out of it, and lost all he had put into it.  He then went to Missouri, stayed there until the death of his wife.  He then came to Indiana, bringing his six children with him.

Forty-five years ago he married the second time; to that union were four children.  He is very proud of his ten children and one stepchild.

His children have all been very helpful to him until times “got bad” with them, and could barely exist themselves.

Interviewer’s Comment

Mr. and Mrs. Jones room with a family by the name of James; they have a comfortable, clean room and are content.

They are both members of the Free Will Baptist Church; get the old age pension, and “do very well.”

Submitted December 15, 1937
Indianapolis, Indiana

Albert Strope, Field Worker
Federal Writers’ Project
St. Joseph County—­District #1
Mishawaka, Indiana

Adeline Rose Lennox—­ex-slave
1400 South Sixth Street, Elkhart, Indiana

Adeline Rose Lennox was born of slave parents at Middle—­sometimes known as Paris—­Tennessee, October 25, 1849.  She lived with her parents in slave quarters on the plantation of a Mr. Rose for whom her parents worked.  These quarters were log houses, a distance from the master’s mansion.

At the age of seven years, Adeline was taken from her parents to work at the home of a son of Mr. Rose who had recently been married.  She remembers well being taken away, for she said she cried, but her new mistress said she was going to have a new home so she had to go with her.

At the age of fourteen years she did the work of a man in the field, driving a team, plowing, harrowing and seeding.  “We all thought a great deal of Mr. Rose,” said Mrs. Lennox, “for he was good to us.”  She said that they were well fed, having plenty of corn, peas, beans, and pork to eat, more pork then than now.