“One day while mah mammy was washing her back my sistah noticed ugly disfiguring scars on it.  Inquiring about them, we found, much to our amazement, that they were mammy’s relics of the now gone, if not forgotten, slave days.

“This was her first reference to her “misery days” that she had evah made in my presence.  Of course we all thought she was tellin’ us a big story and we made fun of her.  With eyes flashin’, she stopped bathing, dried her back and reached for the smelly ole black whip that hung behind the kitchen door.  Biddin’ us to strip down to our waists, my little mammy with the boney bent-ovah back, struck each of us as hard as evah she could with that black-snake whip, each stroke of the whip drew blood from our backs.  “Now”, she said to us, “you have a taste of slavery days.”  With three of her children now having tasted of some of her “misery days” she was in the mood to tell us more of her sufferings; still indelibly impressed in my mind. [TR:  illegible handwritten note here.]

’My ole back is bent ovah from the quick-tempered blows feld by the red-headed Miss Burton.

‘At dinner time one day when the churnin’ wasn’t finished for the noonday meal’, she said with an angry look that must have been reborn in mah mammy’s eyes—­eyes that were dimmed by years and hard livin’, ’three white women beat me from anger because they had no butter for their biscuits and cornbread.  Miss Burton used a heavy board while the missus used a whip.  While I was on my knees beggin’ them to quit, Miss Burton hit the small of mah back with the heavy board.  Ah knew no more until kind Mr. Hamilton, who was staying with the white folks, brought me inside the cabin and brought me around with the camphor bottle.  Ah’ll always thank him—­God bless him—­he picked me up where they had left me like a dog to die in the blazin’ noonday sun.

’After mah back was broken it was doubted whether ah would evah be able to work again or not.  Ah was placed on the auction block to be bidded for so mah owner could see if ah was worth anything or not.  One man bid $1700 after puttin’ two dirty fingahs in my mouth to see my teeth.  Ah bit him and his face showed angah.  He then wanted to own me so he could punish me.

‘Thinkin’ his bid of $1700 was official he unstrapped his buggy whip to beat me, but my mastah saved me.  My master declared the bid unofficial.

’At this auction my sister was sold for $1900 and was never seen by us again.’

“My mother related some experiences she had with the Paddy-Rollers, later called the “Kuklux”, these Paddy-Rollers were a constant dread to the Negroes.  They would whip the poor darkeys unmercifully without any cause.  One night while the Negroes were gathering for a big party and dance they got wind of the approaching Paddy-Rollers in large numbers on horseback.  The Negro men did not know what to do for protection, they became desperate and decided to gather a quantity of grapevines and tied them fast at a dark place in the road.  When the Paddy-Rollers came thundering down the road bent on deviltry and unaware of the trap set for them, plunged head-on into these strong grapevines and three of their number were killed and a score was badly injured.  Several horses had to be shot following injuries.