[Footnote 1:  Taou-e che-le[)o], quoted in the Hae-kw[)o]-too che, Foreign Geography, b. xviii. p. 15.]

[Footnote 2:  Leang-shoo, b. liv. p. 10; Nan-she, b. lxxiii. p. 13; Tung-teen, b. clxxxviii. p. 17.]

[Footnote 3:  The Chinese books repeat the popular belief that the hollow of the sacred footstep contains water “which does not dry up all the year round;” and that invalids recover by drinking from the well at the foot of the mountain; into which “the sea-water enters free from salt.” Taou-e che-le[)o], quoted in the Hae-kw[)o]-too-che, or Foreign Geography, b. xxviii. p. 15.]

[Footnote 4:  Po-w[)u]h Yaou-lan, b. xxxiii. p. 1.  WANG-KE, S[)u]-Wan-heentung-kaou, b. ccxxxvi. p. 19.]

[Footnote 5:  Tung-teen, b. clxxxviii. p. 17. Tae-ping, b. dcclxxxvii p. 5.]

[Footnote 6:  Leang-shoo, b. liv. p. 10.]

The names by which Ceylon was known to them were either adapted from the Singhalese, as nearly as the Chinese characters would supply equivalents for the Sanskrit and Pali letters, or else they are translations of the sense implied by each designation.  Thus, Sinhala was either rendered “Seng-kia-lo,"[1] or “Sze-tseu-kw[)o],” the latter name as well as the original, meaning “the kingdom of lions."[2] The classical Lanka is preserved in the Chinese “Lang-kea” and “Lang-ya-seu” In the epithet “Ch[)i]h-too,” the Red Land[3], we have a simple rendering of the Pali Tambapanni, the “Copper-palmed,” from the colour of the soil.[4] Paou-choo[5] is a translation of the Sanskrit Ratna-dwipa, the “Island of Gems,” and Ts[)i]h-e-lan, Se[)i]h-lan, and Se-lung, are all modern modifications of the European “Ceylon.”

[Footnote 1:  Hiouen-Thsang, b. iv. p. 194.  Transl.  M.S.  Julien.]

[Footnote 2:  This, M. Stanislas Julien says, should be “the kingdom of the lion,” in allusion to the mythical ancestry of Wijayo.—­Journ.  Asiat, tom. xxix. p. 37.  And in a note to the tenth book of HIOUEN-THSANG’S Voyages des Pelerins Bouddhistes, vol. ii. p. 124, he says one name for Ceylon in Chinese is “Tchi-sse-tseu” “(le royaume de celui qui) a pris un lion.”]

[Footnote 3:  Suy-shoo, b. lxxx. p. 3.  In the Se-y[)i]h-ke foo-choo, or “Descriptions of Western Countries,” Ceylon is called Woo-yew-kw[(o], “the sorrowless kingdom.”]

[Footnote 4:  Mahawanso, ch. vii. p. 50.]

[Footnote 5:  Se-y[)i]h-ke foo-choo, quoted in the Hae-kw[)o]-too che, or “Foreign Geography,” l. xviii. p. 15; HIOUEN-THSANG; Voyages des Peler.  Boudd. lib. xi. vol. ii. p. 125; 130 n.]