the western coast, and returning along the east to Point Pedro.  Although the majority of the names which he supplies are no longer susceptible of identification on the modern map, some of them can be traced without difficulty—­thus his Ganges is still the Mahawelli-ganga; his Maagrammum would appear, on a first glance, to be Mahagam, but as he calls it the “metropolis,” and places it beside the great river, it is evidently Bintenne, whose ancient name was “Maha-yangana” or “Ma-ha-welli-gam.”  His Anurogrammum, which he calls [Greek:  Basileion], “the royal residence,” is obviously Anarajapoora, the city founded by Anuradha five hundred years before Ptolemy was born (Mahawanso, ch. vii. p. 50, x. 65, &c.).  It may have borne in his time the secondary rank of a village or a town (gam or gramma), and afterwards acquired the higher epithet of Anuradha-porra, the “city” of Anuradha, after it had grown to the dimensions of a capital.  The province of the Modutti in Ptolemy’s list has a close resemblance in name, though not in position, to Mantotte; the people of Rayagam Corle still occupy the country assigned by him to the Rhogandani—­his Naga dibii are identical with the Nagadiva of the Mahawanso; and the islet to which he has given the name of Bassa, occupies nearly the position of the Basses, which it has been the custom to believe were so called by the Portuguese—­“Baxos” or “Baixos,” sunken rocks.  It is curious that the position in which he has placed the elephant plains or feeding grounds, [Greek:  elephanton nomoi], to the south-east of Adam’s Peak, is the portion of the island about Matura, where, down to a very recent period, the Portuguese, the Dutch, and the English successively held their annual battues, not only for the supply of the government studs, but for export to India.  Making due allowance for the false dimensions of the island assumed by Ptolemy, but taking his account of the relative positions of the headlands, rivers, harbours, and cities, the accompanying map affords a proximate idea of his views of Taprobane and its localities as propounded in his Geography.

* * * * *

Post-scriptum. Since the above was written, and the map it refers to was returned to me from the engraver, I have discovered that a similar attempt to identify the ancient names of Ptolemy with those now attached to the supposed localities, was made by Gosselin; and a chart so constructed will be found (No. xiv.) appended to his Recherches sur la Geographie des Anciens, t. iii. p. 303.  I have been gratified to find that in the more important points we agree; but in many of the minor ones, the want of personal knowledge of the island involved Gosselin in errors which the map I have prepared will, I hope, serve to rectify.—­J.E.T.]

[Illustration: 
  TAPROBANE OR SALIKE,
  (CEYLON)
  according to
  Ptolemy and Pliny.