[Footnote 48:  T. cynocephalus of Lamarck is also met with in Ceylon collections.]

[Footnote 49:  S. incisus of the Index Testaceologicus (urceus, var. Sow.  Thesaur.) is found in mixed Ceylon collections.]

[Footnote 50:  C. plicaria of Lamarck, and C. coronulata of Sowerby, are also said to be found in Ceylon.]

[Footnote 51:  As Purpura.]

[Footnote 52:  N. suturalis, Reeve (as of Lam.), is met with in mixed Ceylon collections.]

[Footnote 53:  E. areolata Lam.]

[Footnote 54:  E. spirata, Lam. not Linn.]

[Footnote 55:  B Belangeri, Kiener.]

[Footnote 56:  As Turricula L.]

[Footnote 57:  0. utriculus, Dillwyn.]

[Footnote 58:  C. planorbis, Born; C, vulpinus, Lam.]

[Footnote 59:  Conus ermineus, Born, in part.]

A conclusion not unworthy of observation may be deduced from this catalogue; namely, that Ceylon was the unknown, and hence unacknowledged, source of almost every extra-European shell which has been described by Linnaeus without a recorded habitat.  This fact gives to Ceylon specimens an importance which can only be appreciated by collectors and the students of Mollusca.

2 RADIATA.

The eastern seas are profusely stocked with radiated animals, but it is to be regretted that they have as yet received but little attention from English naturalists.  Dr. Kelaart has, however, devoted himself to the investigation of some of the Singhalese species, and has given the fruits of his discoveries in the Journal of the Ceylon Branch of the Asiatic Society for 1856-8.  Our information respecting the radiata on the confines of the island is, therefore, very scanty; with the exception of the genera[1] examined by him.  Hence the notice of this extensive class of animals must be limited to indicating a few of those which exhibit striking peculiarities, or which admit of the most common observation.

[Footnote 1:  Actinia, 9 sp.:  Anthea, 4 sp.; Actinodendron, 3 sp.; Dioscosoma, 1 sp.; Peechea, 1 sp.; Zoanthura, 1 sp.]

Star Fish.—­Very large species of Ophiuridae are to be met with at Trincomalie, crawling busily about, and insinuating their long serpentine arms into the irregularities and perforations in the rocks.  To these they attach themselves with such a firm grasp, especially when they perceive that they have attracted attention, that it is next to impossible to procure unmutilated specimens without previously depriving them of life, or at least modifying their muscular tenacity.  The upper surface is of a dark purple colour, and coarsely spined; the arms of the largest specimens are more than a foot in length, and very fragile.

The star fishes, with immovable rays[1], are not by any means rare; many kinds are brought up in the nets, or may be extracted from the stomachs of the larger market fish.  One very large species[2], figured by Joinville in the manuscript volume in the library at the India House, is not uncommon; it has thick arms, from which and the disc numerous large fleshy cirrhi of a bright crimson colour project downwards, giving the creature a remarkable aspect.  No description of it, so far as I am aware has appeared in any systematic work on zoology.