[Footnote 2:  This fish bears the native name of Theliya in Major Skinner’s list; and is described by Colonel Hamilton Smith as being “of the proportions of an eel; beautifully mottled, with eyes and spots of a lighter olive upon a dark green.”  This so nearly corresponds with a fish of the same name, Theliya, which was brought to Gronovius from Ceylon, and proved to be identical with the Aral of the Coromandel coast, that it may be doubtful whether it be not the individual already noted by Cuvier as Rhyncobdella ocellata, Cuv. and Val. viii. 445.]

In this collection, brought together without premeditation, the naturalist will be struck by the preponderance of those genera which are adapted by nature to endure a temporary privation of moisture; and this, taken in connection with the vicissitudes affecting the waters they inhabit, exhibits a surprising illustration of the wisdom of the Creator in adapting the organisation of His creatures to the peculiar circumstances under which they are destined to exist.

So abundant are fish in all parts of the island, that Knox says, not the running streams alone, but the reservoirs and ponds, “nay, every ditch and little plash of water but ankle deep hath fish in it."[1] But many of these reservoirs and tanks are, twice in each year, liable to be evaporated to dryness till the mud of the bottom is converted into dust, and the clay cleft by the heat into gaping apertures.  Yet within a very few days after the change of the monsoon, the natives are busily engaged in fishing in those very spots and in the hollows contiguous to them, although entirely unconnected with any pool or running streams; in the way in which Knox described nearly 200 years ago, with a funnel-shaped basket, open at bottom and top, which, as he says, they “jibb down, and the end sticks in the mud, which often happens upon a fish; which, when they feel beating itself against the sides, they put in their hands and take it out, and reive a ratan through their gills, and so let them drag after them."[2]

[Footnote 1:  KNOX’S Historical Relation of Ceylon, Part 1. ch. vii.  The occurrence of fish in the most unlooked-for situations, is one of the mysteries of other eastern countries as well as Ceylon and India.  In Persia irrigation is carried on to a great extent by means of wells sunk in line in the direction in which it is desired to lead a supply of water, and these are connected by channels, which are carefully arched over to protect them from evaporation.  These kanats, as they are called, are full of fish, although neither they nor the wells they unite have any connection with streams or lakes.]

[Footnote 2:  KNOX, Historical Relation of Ceylon, Part I. ch. vii.]

[Illustration:  FROM KNOX’S CEYLON, A.D. 1681]

This operation may be seen in the lowlands, which are traversed by the high road leading from Colombo to Kandy, the hollows on either side of which, before the change of the monsoon, are covered with dust or stunted grass; but when flooded by the rains, they are immediately resorted to by the peasants with baskets, constructed precisely as Knox has stated, in which the fish are encircled and taken out by the hand.[1]