[32.] Frieze, coarse woolen cloth.

[33.] Holland is now known as The Netherlands.  The sovereign is the young queen Wilhelmina, who began to reign in 1898.

[34.] Rampire, a dam or dike.

[35.] From opulence that springs.  Holland was a great commercial power during the seventh [Transcriber’s note:  should probably be “seventeenth”] century; then her commerce dwindled, and after 1713 she was of small political importance.  Of course the poet’s description is greatly exaggerated.

[36.] Dull as their lakes.  The Netherlands can at present boast of four public universities.

[37.] Belgic sires. Belgae was the name given to the early inhabitants of Holland and certain regions near that country.

[38.] Lawns, cleared places in a wood; not cultivated grassland near a house, as now.

[39.] Arcadian pride.  Arcadia is an inland country in Greece, often mentioned by poets as a place of ideal beauty.

[40.] Famed Hydaspis.  The river Jhelum, or Jhelam, in India, about which many fabulous stories used to be told.  One was, that its sands were of gold.

[41.] The self-dependent lordlings.  Probably in no country in the world have the nobility been so popular as in England.  It has been said that an Englishman “dearly loves a lord.”

[42.] Repelling and repelled.  Goldsmith, who grew up among the warm-hearted people of Lissoy, was doubtless often hurt by the apparent coldness of his English friends.

[43.] One sink of level avarice.  At the time The Traveller was written many noted English statesmen had low moral standards and were willing to use corrupt means to gain their ends.  Still, the great body of the people were but slightly affected by this state of things, and England was soon to enter upon a new and better era.

[44.] Those who think, etc.  Americans believe that the thinkers should toil and the toilers think.  When Goldsmith’s line was written great ignorance prevailed among the working classes in all European countries.

[45.] Rich men rule the law.  Bribery was common in England at the time.  Although conditions gradually improved, many abuses remained until they were swept away by the famous Reform Bill of 1832.

[46.] The wealth of climes, etc.  It will be remembered that England was having serious trouble at the time this poem was written, both with the people of India and with the American colonists.

[47.] Her useful sons, etc.  The slave trade was not abolished in the British Empire until 1807.

[48.] Decayed, fallen as to social condition.

[49.] Forced from their homes.  Many Englishmen came to America willingly.  The poet fails to understand the adventurous spirit of the emigrant.

[50.] Oswego; Niagara.  At this time the regions named were in the wilderness.  Note the poet’s pronunciation of Niagara.