The morning of the 21st was cold but pleasant for travelling.  We left Mr. Isbester and his companion and crossed the peninsula of Mosquito Point to avoid a detour of several miles which the river makes.  Though we put up at an early hour we gained eleven miles this day.  Our encampment was at the lower extremity of Tobin’s Falls.  The snow being less deep on the rough ice which enclosed this rapid we proceeded on the 22nd at a quicker pace than usual but at the expense of great suffering to Mr. Back, myself and Hepburn, whose feet were much galled.  After passing Tobin’s Falls the river expands to the breadth of five hundred yards, and its banks are well wooded with pines, poplars, birch and willow.  Many tracks of moose-deer and wolves were observed near the encampment.

On the 23rd the sky was generally overcast and there were several snow showers.  We saw two wolves and some foxes cross the river in the course of the day and passed many tracks of the moose and red-deer.  Soon after we had encamped the snow fell heavily which was an advantage to us after we had retired to rest by its affording an additional covering to our blankets.  The next morning at breakfast time two men arrived from Carlton on their way to Cumberland.  Having the benefit of their track we were enabled, to our great joy, to march at a quick pace without snowshoes.  My only regret was that the party proceeded too fast to allow of Mr. Back’s halting occasionally to note the bearings of the points and delineate the course of the river* without being left behind.  As the provisions were getting short I could not therefore with propriety check the progress of the party; and indeed it appeared to me less necessary as I understood the river had been carefully surveyed.  In the afternoon we had to resume the encumbrance of the snowshoes and to pass over a rugged part where the ice had been piled over a collection of stones.  The tracks of animals were very abundant on the river, particularly near the remains of an old establishment called the Lower Nippeween.

(Footnote.  This was afterwards done by Dr. Richardson during a voyage to Carlton in the spring.)

So much snow had fallen on the night of the 24th that the track we intended to follow was completely covered and our march today was very fatiguing.  We passed the remains of two red-deer lying at the bases of perpendicular cliffs from the summits of which they had probably been forced by the wolves.  These voracious animals, who are inferior in speed to the moose or red-deer, are said frequently to have recourse to this expedient in places where extensive plains are bounded by precipitous cliffs.  Whilst the deer are quietly grazing the wolves assemble in great numbers and, forming a crescent, creep slowly towards the herd so as not to alarm them much at first but, when they perceive that they have fairly hemmed in the unsuspecting creatures and cut off their retreat across the plain, they move more quickly and with