[Footnote 27:  Anne Ivanofna reigned from 1730-1740.]

[Footnote 28:  One versta or verst (pronounced viorst) equal to 1,165 yards English.]

[Footnote 29:  Peasant cottages.]

[Footnote 30:  Loubotchnyia, i.e., coarse illuminated engravings.]

[Footnote 31:  Taken by Count Muenich.]

[Footnote 32:  John, son of Kouzma.]

[Footnote 33:  Formula of affable politeness.]

[Footnote 34:  Subaltern officer of Cossacks.]

[Footnote 35:  Alexis, son of John.]

[Footnote 36:  Basila, daughter of Gregory.]

[Footnote 37:  John, son of Ignatius.]

[Footnote 38:  The fashion of talking French was introduced under Peter the Great.]

[Footnote 39:  Diminutive of Marya, Mary.]

[Footnote 40:  Russian soup, made of meat and vegetables.]

[Footnote 41:  In Russia serfs are spoken of as souls.]

[Footnote 42:  Ivanofna, pronounced Ivanna.]

[Footnote 43:  Poet, then celebrated, since forgotten.]

[Footnote 44:  They are written in the already old-fashioned style of the time.]

[Footnote 45:  Trediakofski was an absurd poet whom Catherine II. held up to ridicule in her “Rule of the Hermitage!”]

[Footnote 46:  Scornful way of writing the patronymic.]

[Footnote 47:  Formula of consent.]

[Footnote 48:  One verchok = 3 inches.]

[Footnote 49:  Grandson of Peter the Great, succeeded his aunt, Elizabeth Petrofna, in 1762; murdered by Alexis Orloff in prison at Ropsha.]

[Footnote 50:  Torture of the “batogs,” little rods, the thickness of a finger, with which a criminal is struck on the bare back.]

[Footnote 51:  Edict or ukase of Catherine II.]

[Footnote 52:  Pugatch means bugbear.]

[Footnote 53:  Sarafan, dress robe.  It is a Russian custom to bury the dead in their best clothes.]

[Footnote 54:  Girdles worn by Russian peasants.]

[Footnote 55:  Peter III.]

[Footnote 56:  Little flat and glazed press where the Icons or Holy Pictures are shut up, and which thus constitutes a domestic altar or home shrine.]

[Footnote 57:  Ataman, military Cossack chief.]

[Footnote 58:  1 petak = 5 kopek copper bit.]

[Footnote 59:  First of the false Dmitri.]

[Footnote 60:  Allusion to the old formulas of petitions addressed to the Tzar, “I touch the earth with my forehead and I present my petition to your ‘lucid eyes.’”]

[Footnote 61:  At that time the nostrils of convicts were cut off.  This This barbarous custom has been abolished by the Tzar Alexander.]

[Footnote 62:  Daughter of another Commandant of a Fort, whom Pugatchef outraged and murdered.]

[Footnote 63:  Name of a robber celebrated in the preceding century, who fought long against the Imperial troops.]