“Once I looked upon the Catholic religion as a cleverly exploited mass of prejudices and superstitions, which an intelligent civilization ought to deal with according to its desserts.  Here I have discovered its political necessity and its usefulness as a moral agent; here, moreover, I have come to understand its power, through a knowledge of the actual thing which the word expresses.  Religion means a bond or tie, and certainly a cult—­or, in other words, the outward and visible form of religion is the only force that can bind the various elements of society together and mould them into a permanent form.  Lastly, it was also here that I have felt the soothing influence that religion sheds over the wounds of humanity, and (without going further into the subject) I have seen how admirably it is suited to the fervid temperaments of southern races.

“Let us take the road up the hillside,” said the doctor, interrupting himself; “we must reach the plateau up there.  Thence we shall look down upon both valleys, and you will see a magnificent view.  The plateau lies three thousand feet above the level of the Mediterranean; we shall see over Savoy and Dauphine, and the mountain ranges of the Lyonnais and Rhone.  We shall be in another commune, a hill commune, and on a farm belonging to M. Gravier you will see the kind of scene of which I have spoken.  There the great events of life are invested with a solemnity which comes up to my ideas.  Mourning for the dead is vigorously prescribed.  Poor people will beg in order to purchase black clothing, and no one refuses to give in such a case.  There are few days in which the widow does not mention her loss; she always speaks of it with tears, and her grief is as deep after ten days of sorrow as on the morning after her bereavement.  Manners are patriarchal:  the father’s authority is unlimited, his word is law.  He takes his meals sitting by himself at the head of the table; his wife and children wait upon him, and those about him never address him without using certain respectful forms of speech, while every one remains standing and uncovered in his presence.  Men brought up in this atmosphere are conscious of their dignity; to my way of thinking, it is a noble education to be brought up among these customs.  And, for the most part, they are upright, thrifty, and hardworking people in this commune.  The father of every family, when he is old and past work, divides his property equally among his children, and they support him; that is the usual way here.  An old man of ninety, in the last century, who had divided everything he had among his four children, went to live with each in turn for three months in the year.  As he left the oldest to go to the home of a younger brother, one of his friends asked him, ‘Well, are you satisfied with the arrangement?’ ’Faith! yes,’ the old man answered; ’they have treated me as if I had been their own child.’  That answer of his seemed so remarkable to an officer then stationed at Grenoble, that he repeated it in more than one Parisian salon.  That officer was the celebrated moralist Vauvenargues, and in this way the beautiful saying came to the knowledge of another writer named Chamfort.  Ah! still more forcible phrases are often struck out among us, but they lack a historian worthy of them.”