through the greatest possible number of hands.  That is not where your problem lies.  When a country is fully developed and its production keeps pace with its consumption, if private wealth is to increase as well as the wealth of the community at large, there must be exchanges with other communities, which will keep a balance on the right side of the balance-sheet.  This thought has let states with a limited territorial basis like Tyre, Carthage, Venice, Holland, and England, for instance, to secure the carrying trade.  I cast about for some such notion as this to apply to our little world, so as to inaugurate a third commercial epoch.  Our town is so much like any other, that our prosperity was scarcely visible to a passing stranger; it was only for me that it was astonishing.  The folk had come together by degrees; they themselves were a part of the change, and could not judge of its effects as a whole.

“Seven years had gone by when I met with two strangers, the real benefactors of the place, which perhaps some day they will transform into a large town.  One of them is a Tyrolese, an exceedingly clever fellow, who makes rough shoes for country people’s wear, and boots for people of fashion in Grenoble as no one can make them, not even in Paris itself.  He was a poor strolling musician, who, singing and working, had made his way through Italy; one of those busy Germans who fashion the tools of their own work, and make the instrument that they play upon.  When he came to the town he asked if any one wanted a pair of shoes.  They sent him to me, and I gave him an order for two pairs of boots, for which he made his own lasts.  The foreigner’s skill surprised me.  He gave accurate and consistent answers to the questions I put, and his face and manner confirmed the good opinion I had formed of him.  I suggested that he should settle in the place, undertaking to assist him in business in every way that I could; in fact, I put a fairly large sum of money at his disposal.  He accepted my offer.  I had my own ideas in this.  The quality of our leather had improved; and why should we not use it ourselves, and before very long make our own shoes at moderate prices?

“It was the basket-maker’s business over again on a larger scale.  Chance had put an exceedingly clever hard-working man in my way, and he must be retained so that a steady and profitable trade might be given to the place.  There is a constant demand for foot-gear, and a very slight difference in price is felt at once by the purchaser.

“This was my reasoning, sir, and fortunately events have justified it.  At this time we have five tanyards, each of which has its bark-mill.  They take all the hides produced in the department itself, and even draw part of their supply from Provence; and yet the Tyrolese uses more leather than they can produce, and has forty work-people in his employ!