Far-sketches showing common Ducks as seen on the water at about 50
    yards distance.  The pair is shown in each square, the male above.

    N.B.  The wings are rarely seen when the bird is swimming.

    THE FISH-DUCK, SAWBILLS OR MERGANSERS

    Largely white and all are crested, wings with large white areas in
    flight.

    1.  The Shelldrake or Goosander (Merganser americanus). 
    Bill, feet and eye red.

    2.  The Sawbill or Red-breasted Merganser (Merganser
    serrator).  Bill and feet red.

    3.  Hooded Merganser (Lophodytes cucullatus).  Bill and feet
    dark, paddle-box buff.

    THE RIVER DUCKS

    The males usually with shining green and black on head and wings,
    the females streaky gray-brown.

    4.  Mallard (Anas boschas).  Red feet; male has pale,
    greenish bill.  Known in flight by white tail feathers and thin
    white bar on wing.

    5.  Black Duck or Dusky Duck (Anas obscura).  Dark bill, red
    feet, no white except in flight, then shows white lining of wings.

    6.  Gadwall or Gray Duck (Anas strepera).  Beak
    flesh-coloured on edges, feet reddish, a white spot on wing
    showing in flight.

    7.  Widgeon or Baldpate (A. americana).  Bill and feet dull
    blue; a large white spot on wing in flight; female has sides
    reddish.

    8.  Green-winged Teal (A. carolinensis).  Bill and feet dark.

    9.  Blue-winged Teal (A. discors).  Bill and feet dark.

    10.  Shoveller (Spatula clypeata).  Bill dark, feet red, eye
    yellow-orange; a white patch on wings showing in flight

    11.  Pintail or Sprigtail (Dafila acuta).  Bill and feet dull
    blue.

    12.  Wood Duck or Summer Duck (Aix sponsa).  Bill of male
    red, paddle-box buff, bill of female and feet of both dark.

[Illustration:  The Sea Ducks]

THE SEA DUCKS

    Chiefly black and white in colour; the female brownish instead of
    black; most have yellow or orange eye, and more or less white on
    wings which does not show as they swim.

    13.  Red-head (Aythya americana).  Head and neck bright red;
    eye of male yellow, bill and feet blue.

    14.  Canvasback (A. vallisneria).  Head and neck dark-red,
    eye of male red, bill and feet of both dark or bluish.

    15.  Ring-necked Bluebill (A. collaria).  Bill and feet
    bluish.

    16.  Big Bluebill (A. marila).  Bill and feet bluish.

    17.  Little Bluebill (A. affinis).  Same colour as the
    preceding.

    18.  Whistler or Goldeneye (Clangula clangula americana). 
    Feet orange.