To the left of this stood the village, the houses grouping prettily with the big church, and a little farther in this direction was an avenue of graceful birches.  On the extreme left were fields, bounded by a dark border of fir-trees.  Could the spectator have raised himself a few hundred feet from the ground, he would have seen that there were fields beyond the village, and that the whole of this agricultural oasis was imbedded in a forest stretching in all directions as far as the eye could reach.

The history of the place may be told in a few words.  In former times the estate, including the village and all its inhabitants, had belonged to a monastery, but when, in 1764, the Church lands were secularised by Catherine, it became the property of the State.  Some years afterwards the Empress granted it, with the serfs and everything else which it contained, to an old general who had distinguished himself in the Turkish wars.  From that time it had remained in the K——­ family.  Some time between the years 1820 and 1840 the big church and the mansion-house had been built by the actual possessor’s father, who loved country life, and devoted a large part of his time and energies to the management of his estate.  His son, on the contrary, preferred St. Petersburg to the country, served in one of the public offices, loved passionately French plays and other products of urban civilisation, and left the entire management of the property to a German steward, popularly known as Karl Karl’itch, whom I shall introduce to the reader presently.

The village annals contained no important events, except bad harvests, cattle-plagues, and destructive fires, with which the inhabitants seem to have been periodically visited from time immemorial.  If good harvests were ever experienced, they must have faded from the popular recollection.  Then there were certain ancient traditions which might have been lessened in bulk and improved in quality by being subjected to searching historical criticism.  More than once, for instance, a leshie, or wood-sprite, had been seen in the neighbourhood; and in several households the domovoi, or brownie, had been known to play strange pranks until he was properly propitiated.  And as a set-off against these manifestations of evil powers, there were well-authenticated stories about a miracle-working image that had mysteriously appeared on the branch of a tree, and about numerous miraculous cures that had been effected by means of pilgrimages to holy shrines.

But it is time to introduce the principal personages of this little community.  Of these, by far the most important was Karl Karl’itch, the steward.

First of all I ought, perhaps, to explain how Karl Schmidt, the son of a well-to-do Bauer in the Prussian village of Schonhausen, became Karl Karl’itch, the principal personage in the Russian village of Ivanofka.