These shortcomings indicate incompleteness in the development.  Where the teaching is at its best in both the elementary and high schools of Cleveland, the work exhibits balanced understanding and complete modernness.  The thing needed is further expansion of the best, and the extension of this type of work through specially trained departmental teachers to all parts of the city.

There should be a larger amount of active co-operation between the teachers of art and design and the teachers of manual training; also between both sets of teachers and the general community.

MANUAL TRAINING AND HOUSEHOLD ARTS

In the grammar grades manual and household training receives an average proportion of the time.  In the grades before the seventh, the subject receives considerably less than the usual amount of time.

  Table 11.—­Time given to manual training
  ======+=======================+=================
=======
        | Hours per year | Per cent of grade time
  Grade +-----------+-----------+-----------+------------
        | Cleveland | 50 cities | Cleveland | 50 cities
  ------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----
-------
    1 | 32 | 42 | 4.3 | 4.8
    2 | 32 | 47 | 3.5 | 5.1
    3 | 32 | 40 | 3.5 | 4.5
    4 | 32 | 45 | 3.5 | 4.6
    5 | 38 | 50 | 4.3 | 5.2
    6 | 38 | 57 | 4.3 | 5.8
    7 | 63 | 72 | 7.1 | 7.1
    8 | 63 | 74 | 7.1 | 7.4
  ------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----
-------
  Total | 330 | 427 | 4.8 | 5.6
  ------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----
-------

It is easy to see the social and educational justification of courses in sewing, cooking, household sanitation, household decoration, etc., for the girls.  They assist in the training for complicated vocational activities performed in some degree at least by most women.  Where women are so situated that they do not actually perform them, they need, for properly supervising others and for making intelligible and appreciative use of the labors of others, a considerable understanding of these various matters.

Where this work for girls is at its best in Cleveland, it appears to be of a superior character.  Those who are in charge of the best are in a position to advise as to further extensions and developments.  It is not difficult to discern certain of these.  It would appear, for example, that sewing should find some place at least in the work of seventh and eighth grades.  The girl who does not go on to high school is greatly in need of more advanced training in sewing than can be given in the sixth grade.  Each building having a household arts room should possess a sewing machine or two, at the very least.  The academic high schools are now planning to offer courses in domestic science.  As in the technical high schools, all of this work should involve as large a degree of normal responsibility as possible.