In the high schools, a little is being accomplished.  In the academic high schools, those who take the classical course receive no civics whatever.  It is not even elective for them.  Those who take the scientific or English courses may take civics as a half-year elective.  In the technical high schools it is required of all for a half-year.  The course is offered only in the senior year, except in the High School of Commerce, where it is offered in the third.  As a result of these various circumstances, the majority of students who enter and complete the course in the high schools of Cleveland receive no civic training whatever—­not even the inadequate half-year of work that is available for a few.

Whether the deficiencies here pointed out are serious or not depends in large measure upon the character of the other social subjects, such as history and geography.  If these are developed in full and concrete ways, they illumine large numbers of our difficult social problems.  It is probable that the larger part of the informational portions of civic training should be imparted through these other social subjects.  Whether very much of this is actually done at present is doubtful; for the history teaching, as has already been noted, is much underdeveloped, and while somewhat further advanced, geography work is still far from adequate at the time this report is written.

GEOGRAPHY

Geography in Cleveland is given the customary amount of time, though it is distributed over the grades in a somewhat unusual way.  It is exceptionally heavy in the intermediate grades and correspondingly light in the grammar grades.  As geography, like all other subjects, is more and more humanized and socialized in its reference, much more time will be called for in the last two grammar grades.

Table 9.—–­Time given to geography
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br> | Hours per year | Per cent of grade time|
Grade |-----------------------------------------------
| Cleveland | 50 cities| Cleveland | 50 cities |
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br> 1 | 0 | 16 | 0.0 | 1.8 |
2 | 0 | 7 | 0.0 | 0.8 |
3 | 28 | 50 | 3.2 | 5.4 |
4 | 101 | 83 | 11.4 | 8.5 |
5 | 125 | 102 | 14.3 | 11.2 |
6 | 125 | 107 | 14.3 | 11.0 |
7 | 57 | 98 | 6.4 | 9.9 |
8 | 57 | 76 | 6.4 | 7.6 |
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br> Total | 493 | 539 | 7.2 | 7.1 |
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/i>