13.  Over the fire-place this inscription in Latin:—­“The more suffering for Christ in this world the more glory with Christ in the next,” &c.  This is signed “Arundel, June 22, 1587.”  This was Philip Howard, son of Thomas, Duke of Norfolk, beheaded in 1573.  Philip inherited from his maternal grandfather the earldom of Arundel in 1580.  He was a staunch Roman Catholic and was constantly under suspicion of the Government, by which in 1584 he was confined in his own house for a short time.  On his liberation he determined to quit the country, but was committed to the Tower in 1585, and died in custody ten years later, having refused release on condition of forsaking his religion.  His body was buried in his father’s grave in the Chapel of St. Peter, but was eventually removed to Arundel.  He left other inscriptions, one in the window (79), and one on the staircase (91), dated 1587.

14.  On the right of the fire-place is an elaborate piece of sculpture (Pl.  XII), which will be examined with peculiar interest as a memorial of the four brothers Dudley:  Ambrose (created Earl of Warwick 1561), Guildford (beheaded 1554), Robert (created Earl of Leicester 1563), and Henry (killed at the siege of St. Quintin, 1558), carved by the eldest, John (called Earl of Warwick), who died in 1554.  Under a bear and a lion supporting a ragged staff is the name “JOHN DVDLE,” and surrounding them is a wreath of roses (for Ambrose), oak leaves (for Robert, robur, an oak), gillyflowers (for Guildford), and honeysuckle (for Henry).  Below are four lines, one of them incomplete, alluding to the device and its meaning.  It is on record that the Lieutenant of the Tower was allowed 6_s._ 8_d._ a day each for the diet of these captive brothers.

33.  This is one of several inscriptions relating to the Poole or Pole family (see also Nos. 45, 47, 52, 56, 57).  They were the sons of the Countess of Salisbury, by Sir Richard Pole, K.G.  No. 45 contains the name of “GEFFRYE POOLE 1562.”  He was the second son and gave evidence against his elder brother, Lord Montagu, who was beheaded in 1539.

48.  “IANE.”  This interesting inscription, repeated also in the window (85), has always been supposed to refer to the Lady Jane Grey, daughter of the Duke of Suffolk, and wife of Guildford Dudley, fourth son of the Duke of Northumberland.  A second repetition in another part of the room was unfortunately obliterated in the last century when a new window was made to fit this chamber for a mess-room.  It is sometimes, but erroneously, supposed that the name was carved by this Queen of ten days herself, but it is improbable that she was ever imprisoned in the Beauchamp Tower.  She is known to have lived in the house of Partridge, the Gaoler.  It is much more probable that the two inscriptions were placed on the wall either by Lord Guildford Dudley, her husband, or by his brother, whose large device has been described above.

66.  In the window is the rebus, or monogram, of Thomas Abel:  upon a bell is the letter A. This was Dr. Abel, a faithful servant to Queen Katharine of Arragon, first wife of King Henry VIII.  He acted as her chaplain during the progress of the divorce, and by his determined advocacy offended the King.  For denying the supremacy he was condemned and executed in 1540.