lectures her husband behind the curtains; obtains no credit for her virtues; is ambitious without intelligent object, and solely through the development of her domestic selfishness.  Had she lived in the country she would have bought up adjacent land; being, as she was, connected with the administration, she was determined to push her way.  If we relate the life of her father and mother, we shall show the sort of woman she was by a picture of her childhood and youth.

Monsieur Saillard married the daughter of an upholsterer keeping shop under the arcades of the Market.  Limited means compelled Monsieur and Madame Saillard at their start in life to bear constant privation.  After thirty-three years of married life, and twenty-nine years of toil in a government office, the property of “the Saillards”—­their circle of acquaintance called them so—­consisted of sixty thousand francs entrusted to Falleix, the house in the place Royale, bought for forty thousand in 1804, and thirty-six thousand francs given in dowry to their daughter Elisabeth.  Out of this capital about fifty thousand came to them by the will of the widow Bidault, Madame Saillard’s mother.  Saillard’s salary from the government had always been four thousand five hundred francs a year, and no more; his situation was a blind alley that led nowhere, and had tempted no one to supersede him.  Those ninety thousand francs, put together sou by sou, were the fruit therefore of a sordid economy unintelligently employed.  In fact, the Saillards did not know how better to manage their savings than to carry them, five thousand francs at a time, to their notary, Monsieur Sorbier, Cardot’s predecessor, and let him invest them at five per cent in first mortgages, with the wife’s rights reserved in case the borrower was married!  In 1804 Madame Saillard obtained a government office for the sale of stamped papers, a circumstance which brought a servant into the household for the first time.  At the time of which we write, the house, which was worth a hundred thousand francs, brought in a rental of eight thousand.  Falleix paid seven per cent for the sixty thousand invested in the foundry, besides an equal division of profits.  The Saillards were therefore enjoying an income of not less than seventeen thousand francs a year.  The whole ambition of the good man now centred on obtaining the cross of the Legion and his retiring pension.

Elisabeth, the only child, had toiled steadily from infancy in a home where the customs of life were rigid and the ideas simple.  A new hat for Saillard was a matter of deliberation; the time a coat could last was estimated and discussed; umbrellas were carefully hung up by means of a brass buckle.  Since 1804 no repairs of any kind had been done to the house.  The Saillards kept the ground-floor in precisely the state in which their predecessor left it.  The gilding of the pier-glasses was rubbed off; the paint on the cornices was hardly visible through the layers