“The summer is over,” said Masha.  “Now you and I can balance our accounts.  We have done a lot of work, a lot of thinking; we are the better for it—­all honour and glory to us—­we have succeeded in self-improvement; but have our successes had any perceptible influence on the life around us, have they brought any benefit to anyone whatever?  No.  Ignorance, physical uncleanliness, drunkenness, an appallingly high infant mortality, everything remains as it was, and no one is the better for your having ploughed and sown, and my having wasted money and read books.  Obviously we have been working only for ourselves and have had advanced ideas only for ourselves.”  Such reasonings perplexed me, and I did not know what to think.

“We have been sincere from beginning to end,” said I, “and if anyone is sincere he is right.”

“Who disputes it?  We were right, but we haven’t succeeded in properly accomplishing what we were right in.  To begin with, our external methods themselves—­aren’t they mistaken?  You want to be of use to men, but by the very fact of your buying an estate, from the very start you cut yourself off from any possibility of doing anything useful for them.  Then if you work, dress, eat like a peasant you sanctify, as it were, by your authority, their heavy, clumsy dress, their horrible huts, their stupid beards. . . .  On the other hand, if we suppose that you work for long, long years, your whole life, that in the end some practical results are obtained, yet what are they, your results, what can they do against such elemental forces as wholesale ignorance, hunger, cold, degeneration?  A drop in the ocean!  Other methods of struggle are needed, strong, bold, rapid!  If one really wants to be of use one must get out of the narrow circle of ordinary social work, and try to act direct upon the mass!  What is wanted, first of all, is a loud, energetic propaganda.  Why is it that art—­music, for instance—­is so living, so popular, and in reality so powerful?  Because the musician or the singer affects thousands at once.  Precious, precious art!” she went on, looking dreamily at the sky.  “Art gives us wings and carries us far, far away!  Anyone who is sick of filth, of petty, mercenary interests, anyone who is revolted, wounded, and indignant, can find peace and satisfaction only in the beautiful.”

When we drove into Kurilovka the weather was bright and joyous.  Somewhere they were threshing; there was a smell of rye straw.  A mountain ash was bright red behind the hurdle fences, and all the trees wherever one looked were ruddy or golden.  They were ringing the bells, they were carrying the ikons to the school, and we could hear them sing:  “Holy Mother, our Defender,” and how limpid the air was, and how high the doves were flying.

The service was being held in the classroom.  Then the peasants of Kurilovka brought Masha the ikon, and the peasants of Dubetchnya offered her a big loaf and a gilt salt cellar.  And Masha broke into sobs.