[Footnote 4:  Two priests, literally two black gowns.]

“He is right; the Shoshones must have their lodges full of corn and tobacco.  The Shoshones must ever be what they are, what they were, a great nation.  But the chief of many winters hath said it; the hedge-hogs and the foxes may dig the earth, but the eyes of the Shoshones are always turned towards their enemies in the woods, or the buffaloes in the plains.”

“Yet the will of Nanawa must be done, but not by a Shoshone.  We will give him plenty of squaws and dogs; we will bring him slaves from the Umbiquas, the Cayuses, and the Wallah Wallahs.  They shall grow the corn and the tobacco while we hunt; while we go to fetch more slaves, even in the big mountains, or among the dogs of the south, the Wachinangoes.  I will send the vermilion[5] to my young warriors, they will paint their faces and follow me on the war-path.  I have spoken!”

[Footnote 5:  When a chief wishes to go to war, he sends to his warriors some leaves of tobacco covered with vermilion.  It is a sign that they must soon be prepared.]

Thus ended the hopes of making agriculturists of the wild people among whom we lived; nor did I wonder; such as they were, they felt happy.  What could they want besides their neat conical skin lodges, their dresses, which were good, comfortable, and elegant, and their women, who were virtuous, faithful, and pretty?  Had they not the unlimited range of the prairies? were they not lords over millions of elks and buffaloes?—­they wanted nothing, except tobacco.  And yet it was a pity we could not succeed in giving them a taste for civilization.  They were gentlemen by nature; as indeed almost all the Indians are, when not given to drinking.  They are extremely well bred, and stamped with the indubitable seal of nobility on their brow.

The council was broken up, as both Christianity and his own peculiar sentiments would not permit the Prince Seravalle to entertain the thought of extending slavery.  He bowed meekly to the will of Providence, and endeavoured by other means to effect his object of enlightening the minds of this pure and noble, yet savage race of men.

CHAPTER III.

This breaking up, for the time, of our agricultural settlement took place in the year 1838.  Till then, or a few months before, I had passed my time between my civilized and uncivilized instructors.  But although educated, I was an Indian, not only in my dress but in my heart.

I mentioned that in the council called by the Prince I was present, having been admitted as a chief, being then about seventeen years old.  My admission was procured in the following manner:  when we received intelligence of the murder, or disappearance of our seven white men, whom the Prince had sent to Monterey to procure cattle, a party was sent out on their track to ascertain what had really taken place, and at my request the command of that party was confided to me.