and signified to the rest, that he had the charge of the young nobleman, who was under his government:  and therefore if any of them should ever have a quarrel with his pupil, who was young and inexperienced, he himself was their man, and would give them satisfaction.  His courage was too well known to tempt anybody make a trial of it; the nobleness of his family, and his own personal merit, procured him respect from all the world, as well as from his pupil.  No quarrel happened:  the earl was reclaimed, being always very observant of his governor.  He left Paris, and passing down the Loire went to the south of France, received in all places by the governors of towns and provinces with great respect and uncommon marks of honour and distinction.  From thence he went into Italy, making a handsome figure in all places, and travelling with as much dignity as any nobleman whatever at little more than one thousand two hundred pounds a year expense; so easy is it to make a figure in those countries with virtue, decorum, and good management."[321]

This concluding remark of Carte’s gives us the point of view of certain families; that it was more economical to live abroad.  It certainly was—­for courtiers who had to pay eighty pounds for a suit of clothes—­without trimming[322]—­and spent two thousand pounds on a supper to the king.[323] Francis Osborn considered one of the chief benefits of travel to be the training in economy which it afforded:  “Frugality being of none so perfectly learned as of the Italian and the Scot; Natural to the first, and as necessary to the latter."[324] Notwithstanding, the cost of travel had in the extravagant days of the Stuarts much increased.  The Grand Tour cost more than travel in Elizabethan days, when young men quietly settled down for hard study in some German or Italian town.  Robert Sidney, for instance, had only L100 a year when he was living with Sturm.  “Tearm yt as you wyll, it ys all I owe you,” said his father.  “Harry Whyte ... shall have his L20 yearly, and you your L100; and so be as mery as you may."[325] Secretary Davison expected his son, his tutor, and their servant to live on this amount at Venice.  “Mr. Wo.” had said this would suffice.[326] If “Mr Wo.” means Mr Wotton, as it probably does, since Wotton had just returned from abroad in 1594, and Francis Davison set out in 1595, he was an authority on economical travel, for he used to live in Germany at the rate of one shilling, four pence halfpenny a day for board and lodging.[327] But he did not carry with him a governor and an English servant.  Moryson, Howell, and Dallington all say that expenses for a servant amounted to L50 yearly.  Therefore Davison’s tutor quite rightly protested that L200 would not suffice for three people.  Although they spent “not near so much as other gentlemen of their nation at Venice, and though he went to market himself and was as frugal as could be, the expenses would mount up to forty shillings a week, not counting apparel