At Pullman, in addition to the shops and dwellings, there are trees and turf-bordered malls and squares, a church, a theater, a free library with reading rooms, a public hall, a market house, provided at the expense of the company.  Liquor can only be sold at the hotel to its guests, and then under restrictions.  There is a system of public schools under a board of education, which is about the only civic organization, strictly speaking, in the community.  One man suffices for police duty, and he made but fifteen arrests in the last two years.  It is reported that the death rate so far, including the mortality from accidents, has been under seven in 1,000 per annum.  In Great Britain the rate is a small fraction over 22 in 1,000.  The vital statistics of the United States show a smaller mortality than this, but they are rendered abnormal by the heavy immigration which pours into the country.  Emigrants are, in the language of insurance men, a selected class.  They are usually at the most vigorous time of life and of hardiest and most enterprising spirit.

They leave behind them the very young and the old and those enfeebled by disease or habits.  To this cause must be attributed in part the exceptional record of Pullman in death rate, as it is a new town.  Yet there can be no question that the sanitary conditions of the place are excellent.  It is difficult in mixed enterprises of this nature to tell what the rate of profit upon the tenement part of the business is, since the rental and the factory react upon each other; but in the American instances quoted in this article the investment as a whole is remunerative.  In the Godin operations at Guise, which have been co-operative for the last five years, the capital is put at $1,320,000, and the net earnings have averaged during that time $204,640 per annum, or 151/2 per cent.

At Pullman a demand has arisen on the part of the tenants for a chance to acquire proprietorship in their homes; and while the company has withheld the privilege from its original purchase of 3,500 acres, it has bought adjoining land, where it offers to advance money for building, and to take pay in monthly installments.  This assimilates so much of the enterprise to that at Mulhausen, and shows the drift toward a co-operative phase of capital and labor.  Indeed, this tendency will probably prove to be strongly characteristic of all similar schemes as fast as they attain to any magnitude.  Tendencies which can be resisted in communities of few hundreds become overpowering when the population rises into thousands.  But from the purely commercial point of view, this drift is hardly to be deprecated, so long as the operation of selling houses returns the capital and interest safely.