are able to prescribe regulations which keep out the saloon and disreputable characters, and at once there is a saving in police and court and poor taxes; for the same reason the workmen are more regular and steady in their labor, for there is no St. Monday holiday, nor confused head and uncertain hand; the tenants are better able to pay their rents, and when their landlord and employer are the same person, he collects his rent out of the wages; the superior accommodations and more settled employment act strongly against labor strikes.  It will be seen that the larger and better product of labor is a great factor in the profitableness of such enterprises, and that it arises from the improved character of the laborer, on the same principle that a farmer’s stock pays him best when it is of good breed, is warmly housed, and well fed.  Against the operations of the London Peabody and Waterlow funds it has been alleged that they dispossess the poor shiftless tenant and bring in a new class, so that they do not improve the condition of their tenants, but afford opportunity for better ones to cheapen the price of their accommodations.  The manufacturing landlord cannot wholly do this, because the first thing he has to consider is whether the applicant for a dwelling is a good workman, not whether he can be trusted for his rent.  His labor he must have.  His outlook is to make that labor worth more to him, by placing it in the best attainable surroundings.  Can this be done?  If so, the ends of humanity are answered as well as the purse filled, for both interests correspond.

Mr. Pullman, who founded the enterprise on Calumet Lake, has uttered sentiments like these, and has proved that in this instance it does pay to make his workmen’s families comfortable, and secure from sickness and temptation.  As a financial operation Pullman is profitable.  There are now 1,700 dwellings, either separate or in apartment houses, in this town, where five years ago the prairie stretched on every side unbroken.  Every tenement is connected with common sewerage, water, and gas systems, in which the most scientific principles and expert skill have been applied.  The price of tenements ranges from $5 per month for two rooms in an apartment house to $16 for a separate dwelling of five rooms; but there is a different class of houses for clerks, superintendents, and overseers.  The average price per room is $3.30 a month, or nearly twelve per cent. higher than in Massachusetts manufacturing towns, where it is $2.86.  Taking each tenement at an average of three rooms, this rate will pay six per cent. on an investment of $3,140,000, without taking into account taxes and repairs, or say six per cent. on $3,000,000.  But one source of profit of great moment must not be overlooked, and it is the appreciation of real estate by the increase of population.  This is a small factor in a great city, at least so far as concerns the humbler grade of dwellings, but in the country it is enormous.  A tract of land which has been a farm becomes a village of from 1,000 to 10,000 inhabitants.  Its value advances by leaps and bounds.