manner.  According to the report of the Arabs, they are all mere heathens, observing no marriage rites, but have their women in common.  Their native language is quite different from Arabic, which however most of them understand.  They live very miserably, many of them being famished with hunger.  They are not permitted to kill any flesh, so that they are forced to live on such fish as they can catch in the sea, and what dates they may procure, having no means to purchase rice, except by means of their women prostituting themselves to the Guzerats when they reside here.  Such as are employed to keep the cattle belonging to the Arabs maintain themselves on milk.

I could not learn of any merchandize produced in this island, except aloes and dragon’s blood; and some black ambergris is said to be got on the shores of Abba del Curia.  They could make, in my opinion, more aloes than could be used in all Christendom, as the plant from which it is procured grows every where in great abundance, being no other than the semper vivum of Dioscorides, with whose description it agrees in seed, stalk, &c.  It is all of the red prickly sort, much chamferred in the leaves, and so full of resinous juice as to be ready to burst.  The chief time of preparing the aloes is in September, when the north winds blow, after the fall of some rain.  Being gathered, it is cut in small pieces, and cast into a pit in the ground, which is paved and cleaned from all filth.  It lies here to ferment in the heat of the sun, which causes the juice to flow out; which is put into skins that are hung up in the wind to dry and grow hard.  They sold it to us for twenty ryals the quintal, or 103 pounds English; but we were told afterwards that they sold it to others for twelve, which may very well be, considering its abundance, and the ease with which it is made.  The date tree produces ripe fruit twice a-year, one harvest being in July while we were there.  Dates are a principal part of their sustenance, being very pleasant in taste.  When thoroughly ripe, the dates are laid in a heap on a sloping skin, whence runs a liquor into earthen pots set in the earth to receive it.  This is their date wine, with which they sometimes get drunk.  When thus drained, the stones are taken out, and the dates are packed up very hard in skins, in which they will keep a long time.  They sometimes gather them before they are completely ripe, and dry them after taking out the stones.  These are the best of all, and eat as if they were candied.  They will not keep whole.  In every valley where dates grow, the king has a deputy during the harvest, who sees all gathered and brought to an appointed place, no one daring to touch a date on pain of death without order, or other severe punishment.  After all are gathered, the deputy divides the produce in three equal parts; one for the king, one for the Arabs, and one for the cafrs; which are distributed, but not alike to each.