[Footnote 195:  This uncommon expression is not easily explicable, as the ships under Saris appear to have been in the employ of the same company.  It probably refers to the partial subscriptions for particular voyages, in use at the first establishment of the Company.—­E.]

[Footnote 196:  This alludes to the twelfth voyage fitted out by the English East India Company, under the command of Christopher Newport, of which hereafter.—­E.]

[Footnote 197:  We have formerly seen, from a side-note of Purchas, that Captain Hawkins died before reaching England, and that his Armenian wife afterwards married Mr Towerson.  The journal here breaks off abruptly, and Purchas remarks, that he had omitted many advices of the author, respecting forts, Indian factories, &c. not fitting for every eye.—­E.]

4. A brief Discourse of the Strength, Wealth, and Government of the Great Mogul, with some of his Customs.[198]

I first begin with his princes, dukes, marquisses, earls, viscounts, barons, knights, esquires, gentlemen, and yeomen; for as the Christian sovereigns distinguish their nobility by these titles, so do the Moguls distinguish theirs by the numbers of horse they are appointed to command; unless it be those whom he most favours, whom he honours with the title of Khan and Immirza; none having the title of Sultan except his sons.  Khan, in the Persian language, is equivalent to duke with us in Europe.  Immirza is the title given to the sons of the king’s brother.  These titles or ranks are of 12,000 horse, of which there are only four, being the king himself, his mother, his eldest son, Prince or Sultan Parvis, and one more named Khan Azam, who is of the blood-royal of the Usbecks.  The next rank, equivalent to our dukes, are leaders of 9000 horse, of whom there are three.  Then of marquisses, or commanders of 5000, there are eighteen.  The others are from 2000 down to 20; of all which ranks there are 2950.  Besides which there are 5000 men, called Haddies, who receive monthly pay, equal to from one to six horsemen.  Of such officers as belong to the court and camp there are 36,000, as porters, gunners, watermen, lackies, horse-keepers, elephant-keepers, matchlock-men, frasses or tent-men, cooks, light-bearers, gardeners, keepers of wild beasts, &c.  All these are paid from the royal treasury, their wages being from ten to three rupees[199].  All the captains under the king are obliged, on eight days warning, to furnish the number of horsemen which belong to the rank they respectively hold, from 12,000 down to 20, for all which they draw pay, and which they are obliged to maintain; making a total of three lacks, or 300,000 horse.

[Footnote 198:  This appears to have been written by Captain Hawkins, as appended to his narrative by Purchas.  It is said by the author, that he had partly seen these things, and partly learnt them by information, from the chief officers and overseers of the court.—­E]