nothing but the merest assumption” ("Sup.  Rel.,” vol. i., p. 364).  Mr. Sanday’s conclusion as to Justin is:  “The a priori probabilities of the case, as well as the actual phenomena of Justin’s Gospel, alike tend to show that he did make use either mediately or immediately of our Gospels, but that he did not assign to them an exclusive authority, and that he probably made use along with them of other documents no longer extant” ("Gospels in the Second Century,” p. 117).  It is needless to multiply analyses of quotations, as the system applied to the two given above can be carried out for himself by the student in other cases.  But a far weightier proof remains that Justin’s “Memoirs of the Apostles” were not the Canonical Gospels; and that is, that Justin used expressions, and mentions incidents which are not to be found in our Gospels, and some of which are to be found in Apocryphal Gospels.  For instance, in the first “Apology,” chap. xiii., we read:  “We have been taught that the only honour that is worthy of him is not to consume by fire what he has brought into being for our sustenance, but to use it for ourselves and those who need, and with gratitude to him to offer thanks by invocations and hymns for our creation, and for all the means of health, and for the various qualities of the different kinds of things, and for the changes of the seasons; and to present before him petitions for our existing again in incorruption through faith in him.  Our teacher of these things is Jesus Christ, who also was born for this purpose.”  “He has exhorted us to lead all men, by patience and gentleness, from shame and the love of evil” (Ibid, chap. xvi.).  “For the foal of an ass stood bound to a vine” (Ibid, chap. xxxii.).  “The angel said to the Virgin, Thou shalt call his name Jesus, for he shall save his people from their sins” (chap. xxxiii.).  “They tormented him, and set him on the judgment seat, and said, Judge us” (chap. xxxv.).  “Our Lord Jesus Christ said, In whatsoever things I shall take you, in these I shall judge you” ("Trypho,” chapter xlviii.).  These are only some out of the many passages of which no resemblance is to be found in the Canonical Gospels.

The best way to show the truth of Paley’s contention—­that “from Justin’s works, which are still extant, might be collected a tolerably complete account of Christ’s life, in all points agreeing with that which is delivered in our Scriptures; taken indeed, in a great measure, from those Scriptures, but still proving that this account and no other, was the account known and extant in that age” ("Evidences,” p. 77)—­will be to give the story from Justin, mentioning every notice of Christ in his works, which gives anything of his supposed life, only omitting passages relating solely to his teaching, such as those given above.  The large majority of these are taken from the “Dialogue with Trypho,” a wearisome production, in which Justin endeavours