’The bulk, then, of the Royalists are Fusionists; but though all the Fusionists agree in believing that the only government that can be permanent in France is a monarchy, and that the only monarchy that can be permanent is one depending on hereditary succession; though they agree in believing that neither of the Bourbon branches is strong enough to seize the throne, and that each of them is strong enough to exclude the other, yet between the Orleanist-Fusionists and the Legitimist-Fusionists the separation is as marked and the mutual hatred as bitter, as those which divide the most hostile parties in England.

’The Orleanist-Fusionists are generally roturiers.  They feel towards the noblesse the hatred which has accumulated during twelve centuries of past oppression and the resentment excited by present insolence.  Of all the noble families of France the most noble is that of Bourbon.  The head of that house has always called himself le premier gentilhomme de France.  The Bourbons therefore suffer, and in an exaggerated degree, the odium which weighs down the caste to which they belong.  It was this odium, this detestation of privilege and precedence and exclusiveness, or, as it is sometimes called, this love of equality, which raised the barricades of 1830.  It was to flatter these feelings that Louis Philippe sent his sons to the public schools and to the National Guard, and tried to establish his Government on the narrow foundation of the bourgeoisie.  Louis Philippe and one or two of the members of his family, succeeded in obtaining some personal popularity, but it was only in the comparatively small class, the pays legal, with which they shared the emoluments of Government, and it was not sufficient to raise a single hand in their defence when the masses, whom the Court could not bribe or caress, rose against it.  The Orleanist-Fusionists are Bourbonists only from calculation.  They wish for the Comte de Paris for their king, not from any affection for him or for his family, but because they think that such an arrangement offers to France the best chance of a stable Government in some degree under popular control:  and they are ready to tolerate the intermediate reign of Henri V. as an evil, but one which must be endured as a means of obtaining something else, not very good in itself but less objectionable to them than a Bonapartist dynasty or a Republic.

* * * * *

’The Legitimists have been so injured in fortune and in influence, they have been so long an oppressed caste, excluded from power, and even from sympathy, that they have acquired the faults of slaves, have become timid, or frivolous, or bitter.  Their long retirement from public life has made them unfit for it.  The older members of the party have forgotten its habits and its duties, the younger ones have never learnt them.  Their long absence from the Chambers and from the departmental and municipal councils,