[Footnote 1:  Menageries, &c., “The Elephant,” ch. iii.]

[Footnote 2:  This peculiarity was noticed by the ancients, and is recorded by Herodotus:  [Greek:  “kamelon hippos phobeetai, kai ouk anechetai oute ten ideen autes oreon oute ten odmen osphrainomenos”] (Herod. ch. 80).  Camels have long been bred by the Grand Duke of Tuscany, at his establishment near Pisa, and even there the same instinctive dislike to them is manifested by the horse, which it is necessary to train and accustom to their presence in order to avoid accidents.  Mr. BRODERIP mentions, that, “when the precaution of such training has not been adopted, the sudden and dangerous terror with which a horse is seized in coming unexpectedly upon one of them is excessive.”—­Note-book of a Naturalist, ch. iv. p. 113.]

[Footnote 3:  Major ROGERS was many years the chief civil officer of Government in the district of Oovah, where he was killed by lightning, 1845.]

[Footnote 4:  “Quidam etiam cum equis silvestribus pugnant.  Saepe unus elephas cum sex equis committitur; atque ipse adeo interfui cum unus elephas duos equos cum primo impetu protinus prosternerit;—­injecta enim jugulis ipsorum longa proboscide, ad se protractos, dentibus porro comminuit ac protrivit.” Angli Cujusdam in Cambayam Navigatio.  DE BRY, Coll., &c., vol. iii. ch. xvi. p. 31.]

Pigs are constantly to be seen feeding about the stables of the tame elephants, which manifest no repugnance to them.  As to the smaller animals, the elephant undoubtedly evinces uneasiness at the presence of a dog, but this is referable to the same cause as its impatience of a horse, namely, that neither is habitually seen by it in the forest; but it would be idle to suppose that this feeling could amount to hostility against a creature incapable of inflicting on it the slightest injury.[1] The truth I apprehend to be that, when they meet, the impudence and impertinences of the dog are offensive to the gravity of the elephant, and incompatible with his love of solitude and ease.  Or may it be assumed as an evidence of the sagacity of the elephant, that the only two animals to which it manifests an antipathy, are the two which it has seen only in the company of its enemy, man?  One instance has certainly been attested to me by an eye-witness, in which the trunk of an elephant was seized in the teeth of a Scotch terrier, and such was the alarm of the huge creature that it came at once to its knees.  The dog repeated the attack, and on every renewal of it the elephant retreated in terror, holding its trunk above its head, and kicking at the terrier with its fore feet.  It would have turned to flight, but for the interference of its keeper.

[Footnote 1:  To account for the impatience manifested by the elephant at the presence of a dog, it has been suggested that he is alarmed lest the latter should attack his feet, a portion of his body of which the elephant is peculiarly careful.  A tame elephant has been observed to regard with indifference a spear directed towards his head, but to shrink timidly from the same weapon when pointed at his foot.]