Tschaikowsky held the operas of Mozart before him as his ideal.  He cared little for Wagner, considering his music dramas to be built on false principles.  Thus his first opera, “Voivoda,” composed in 1866, evidently had his ideal, Mozart, clearly in mind.  It is a somewhat curious fact that Tschaikowsky, who was almost revolutionary in other forms of music, should go back to the eighteenth century for his ideal of opera.  Soon after it was completed “Voivoda” was accepted to be produced at the Moscow Grand Theater.  The libretto was written by Ostrowsky, one of the celebrated dramatists of the day.  The first performance took place on January 30, 1869.  We are told it had several performances and considerable popular success.  But the composer was dissatisfied with its failure to win a great artistic success, and burnt the score.  He did the same with his next work, an orchestral fantaisie, entitled “Fatum.”  Again he did the same with the score of a complete opera, “Undine,” finished in 1870, and refused at the St. Petersburg Opera, where he had offered it.

“The Snow Queen,” a fairy play with music, was the young Russian’s next adventure; it was mounted and produced with great care, yet it failed to make a favorable impression.  But these disappointments did not dampen the composer’s ardor for work.  Now it was in the realm of chamber music.  Up to this time he had not seemed to care greatly for this branch of his art, for he had always felt the lack of tone coloring and variety in the strings.  The first attempt at a String Quartet resulted in the one in D major, Op. 11.  To-day, fifty years after, we enjoy the rich coloring, the characteristic rhythms of this music; the Andante indeed makes special appeal.  A bit of history about this same Andante shows how the composer prized national themes and folk tunes, and strove to secure them.  It is said that morning after morning he was awakened by the singing of a laborer, working on the house below his window.  The song had a haunting lilt, and Tschaikowsky wrote it down.  The melody afterwards became that touching air which fills the Andante of the First String Quartet.  Another String Quartet, in F major, was written in 1814, and at once acclaimed by all who heard it, with the single exception of Anton Rubinstein.

Tschaikowsky wrote six Symphonies in all.  The Second, in C minor was composed in 1873; in this he used themes in the first and last movements, which were gathered in Little Russia.  The work was produced with great success in Moscow in 1873.  The next orchestral composition was a Symphonic Poem, called “The Tempest,” with a regular program, prepared by Stassow.  It was brought out in Paris at the same time it was heard in Moscow.  Both at home and in France it made a deep impression.  The next work was the splendid piano Concerto in B flat minor, Op. 23, the first of three works of this kind.  At a trial performance of it, his friend and former master, Nicholas Rubinstein, to whom it was dedicated, and who had promised to play the piano part, began to criticize it unmercifully and ended by saying it was quite unplayable, and unsuited to the piano.