The 19th at noon we had sight of the isles of Palma, Teneriffe, and Grand Canarea.  The isle of Palma rises round, and stretches from S.E. to N.W. the north-west part being lowest.  In the south is a round hill over the head-land, with another round hill behind and farther inland.  Between the S.E. end of Madeira and the N.W. part of the island of Palma, the distance is 57 leagues[202], Palma being in 28 deg.. [lat. 28 deg. 45’ N. long 17 deg. 45’ W.] Our course between the S.E. end of Madeira and the N.W. part of Palma was S. and S. by W. so that we had sight of Teneriffe and the Grand Canary.  The S.E. part of Palma and N.N.E. of Teneriffe lie S.E. and N.W. [rather E. and W.] distance 20 leagues [33 leagues.] Teneriffe and Grand Canarea, with the west part of Fuertaventura, stand in 27 deg. 30’[203].  Gomera is a fair island, but very rugged, W.S.W. from Teneriffe, the passage between running from N. by W. to S. by E. In the south part of Gomera is a town and good road-stead, in lat. 28 deg.  N. Teneriffe is a mountainous island, with a great high peak like a sugar-loaf, on which there is snow all the year, and by that peak it may be known from all other islands.  On the 20th November we were there becalmed from six in the morning till four in the afternoon.  On the 22d November, being then under the tropic of Cancer, the sun set W. and by S. On the coast of Barbary, 25 leagues N. of Cape Blanco, at 3 leagues from shore, we had 15 fathoms water on a good shelly bottom mixed with sand, and no currents, having two small islands in lat. 22 deg. 20’ N.[7] From Gomera to Cape de las Barbas is 100 leagues, [116] the course being S. by E. That cape is in lat. 22 deg. 30, [22 deg. 15’] all the coast thereabout being flat, and having 16 and 17 fathoms off shore.  All the way from the river del Oro to Cape Barbas, at 7 or 8 leagues off shore, many Spaniards and Portuguese employ themselves in fishing during the month of November, the whole of that coast consisting of very low lands.  From Cape Barbas we held a course S.S.W. and S.W. by S. till we came into lat. 20 deg. 30’, reckoning ourselves 7 leagues off shore, and we there came to the least shoals of Cape Blanco.  We then sailed to the lat. of 13 deg.  N. reckoning ourselves 20 leagues off; and in 15 deg. we did rear the crossiers, or cross stars, and might have done so sooner if we had looked for them.  They are not right across in the month of November, as the nights are short there, but we had sight of them on the 29th of that month at night.  The 1st of December, being in lat. 13 deg.  N. we set our course S. by E. till the 4th at noon, when we were in 9 deg. 20’ reckoning ourselves 30 leagues W.S.W. from the shoals of the Rio Grande, which extend for 30 leagues.  On the 4th, being in 6 deg. 30’, we set our course S.E.  The 9th we changed our course E.S.E.  The 14th, being in lat. 5 deg. 30’ and reckoning ourselves 36 leagues from the coast of Guinea, we set our course due E. The 19th,