[Footnote 188:  Richard Eden here obviously endeavours to combat the monopoly of trade to the Portuguese discoveries, arrogated by that nation; although the entire colonial system of all the European nations has always been conducted upon the same exclusive principles, down to the present day.—­E.]

That these voyages may be the better understood, I have thought proper to premise a brief description of Africa, on the west coast of which great division of the world, the coast of Guinea begins at Cape Verd in about lat. 12 deg.  N. and about two degrees in longitude from the measuring line[189]; whence running from north to south, and in some places by east, within 5, 4, and 3-1/2 degrees into the equinoctial, and so forth in manner directly east and north, for the space of about 36 degrees in longitude from west to east, as shall more plainly appear in the second voyage[190].

[Footnote 189:  Evidently meaning the first meridian passing through the island of Ferro, one of the Canaries, from which Cape Verd is about 2 deg.  W.—­E.]

[Footnote 190:  These geographical indications respecting the coast of Guinea, are extremely obscure, so as to be almost unintelligible.—­E.]

* * * * *

Brief Description of Africa, by Richard Eden[191].

In the lesser Africa are the kingdoms of Tunis and Constantina, which latter is at this day subject to Tunis, and also the regions of Bugia, Tripoli, and Ezzah.  This part of Africa is very barren, by reason of the great deserts of Numidia and Barca.  The principal ports of the kingdom of Tunis are, Goletta, Bizerta, Potofarnia, Bona, and Stora.  Tunis and Constantina are the chief cities, with several others.  To this kingdom belong the following islands, Zerbi, Lampadola, Pantalarea, Limoso, Beit, Gamelaro, and Malta; in which the grand-master of the knights of Rhodes now resides.  To the south of this kingdom are the great deserts of Lybia.  All the nations of this lesser Africa are of the sect of Mahomet, a rustical people living scattered in villages.

[Footnote 191:  This brief description of Africa is preserved, rather for the purpose of shewing what were the ideas of the English on this subject towards the end of the sixteenth century, than for any excellence.—­E.]

The best of this part of Africa is Mauritania, now called Barbary, on the coast of the Mediterranean.  Mauritania is divided into two parts, Tingitana and Cesariensis.  Mauritania Tingitana is now called the kingdoms of Fez and Marocco, of which the capitals bear the same names.  Mauritania, Cesariensis is now called the kingdom of Tremessan, the capital of which is named Tremessan or Telensin.  This region is full of deserts, and reaches to the Mediterranean, to the city of Oran with the port of Mersalquiber.  The kingdom of Fez reaches to the ocean, from the west to the city of Arzilla, and Sala or Salee is the port of this kingdom.  The kingdom of Marocco also extends to the ocean, on which it has the cities of Azamor and Azafi.  Near to Fez and Marocco in the ocean are the Canary islands, anciently called the Fortunate islands.