[Footnote 139:  This winter of our author, on the coast of Canara, in about the lat. of 15 deg.  N. when the sun is nearly vertical, must be understood as the rainy season.—­E.]

[Footnote 140:  This incident in the text is given as fortunate, and perhaps it ought to have been expressed, “He wrapped it about his loins and returned to his palanquin.”—­E.]

From Goa I departed for Cochin, a voyage of 300 miles, there being several strong-holds belonging to the Portuguese between these two cities, as Onore, Barcelore, Mangalore, and Cananore.  Onore, the first of these, is in the dominions of the queen of Battacella, or Batecolah, who is tributary to the king of Bijanagur.  There is no trade at this place, which is only a military post held by a captain with a company of soldiers.  After this you go to another small castle of the Portuguese called Mangalore, in which there is only a small trade in rice.  Thence you go to a little fort called Bazelore[141], whence a great deal of rice is transported to Goa.  From thence you go to a city named Cananore, which is within a musket-shot of the capital of the king of Cananore who is a Gentile[142].  He and his people are wicked and malicious, delighting in going to war with the Portuguese; yet when at peace they find their interest in trading with them.  From this kingdom of Cananore is procured great store of cardomums, pepper, ginger, honey, cocoa-nuts, and archa or areka.  This is a fruit about the size of a nutmeg, which is chewed in all the Indies, and even beyond them, along with the leaf of a plant resembling ivy called betel.  The nut is wrapped up in a leaf of the betel along with some lime made of oyster shells, and through all the Indies they spend a great deal of money; on this composition, which they use daily, a thing I could not have believed if I had not seen it continually practised.  A great revenue is drawn from this herb, as it pays custom.  When they chew this in their mouths, it makes their spittle as red as blood, and it is said to produce a good appetite and a sweet breath; but in my opinion, they eat it rather to satisfy their filthy lusts, for this herb is moist and hot, and causes a strong expulsion.

[Footnote 141:  This must be Barcelore, and ought to have been named before Managalore, as above 50 miles to the north, between Goa and Managalore.—­E.]

[Footnote 142:  This passage ought to have stood thus “The fort of Cananore belonging to the Portuguese, only a musket-shot from the city of that name, the capital of” &c.—­E.]

From Cananore you go Cranganore, which is a small fort of the Portuguese in the country of the king of Cranganore, another king of the Gentiles.  This is a country of small importance of about a hundred miles extent, full of thieves, subject to the king of Calicut, who is another king of the Gentiles and a great enemy to the Portuguese, with whom he is continually engaged in war.  This country is a receptacle of