such people and religious is a thoroughly trustworthy man, and that he is amply provided with the necessary supplies until aid can arrive.  To this man you shall give orders that he preserve with your friends the friendship that you shall have established, without offending or ill-treating them in any way; and that he be ever prepared and watchful, so that no harm may come through his negligence.”  News of any Spaniards left among these islands from the expedition of Villalobos is to be earnestly sought; and Spaniards and their children are to be ransomed when found, and brought back to Spanish territory.  Information is to be sought concerning the natives of the Philippines.  The Spaniards must ascertain whether the Portuguese have built forts or made settlements in these islands since the treaty was made, or since Villalobos arrived there.  The exploration in Spain’s demarcation is to be as thorough as possible.  Any land colonized must be well chosen, regard being had to its easy defense.  As much treasure as possible must be sent back with the ship or ships that return with news of the expedition.  Further emphasis is laid on the good treatment of the natives, “who, as we are informed, are men of keen intellect, of much worth, and as white as ourselves.”  “In whatever port, island, or land” they shall make explorations, they are to gather information “of the customs, conditions, mode of life, and trade of their inhabitants; their religion and cult, what beings they adore, and their sacrifices and manner of worship.  Information must be obtained of their method of rule and government; whether they have kings, and, if so, whether that office is elective, or by right of inheritance; or whether they are governed like republics, or by nobles; what rents or tributes they pay, and of what kind and to whom; the products of their land most valued among them; what other things valued by them are brought from other regions.  And you shall ascertain what articles taken by you from here are held in highest estimation among them.”  Possession, in the king’s name, shall be taken of all the lands or islands discovered.  The pilots shall make careful logs.  The powerful rulers of these districts are to be told that the proposed destination of the fleet was not to their islands, but the exigencies of the weather rendered a stay there imperative, in order that they may not say “that you carry very little merchandise to go a-trading in lands so distant” They shall request friendship and alliance and trade; and presents shall be given these rulers from the most valuable articles in the cargo.  Legazpi must be watchful of his own safety, carrying on negotiations with the natives through his officers, thus guarding against treachery.  The person transacting such business shall be accompanied by armed men, and the negotiations must be carried on in sight of the vessels.  Hostages must be procured when possible.  No soldiers or sailors shall go ashore without being ordered to do so.  Sleepless