and night.  Those caught sleeping at their posts are to be severely punished.  If the culprit be an individual who holds an office, for the first offense he shall lose his office; for the second he shall be thrown overboard.  A soldier (not of gentle birth) for the first offense shall be made to pass under the keel three times; and for the second be thrown overboard.  The captain must stand one watch each night.  Each captain shall have a body-guard of six men.  All fire must be kept away from the powder.  At the least appearance of mutiny immediate measures are to be taken; if it is not possible to inform Villalobos, then the captain is empowered to execute summary justice.  The captain is to keep a compass in his room, which he shall constantly consult, and must keep close watch on the course.  In case one vessel be separated from the fleet and reach any land, the captain must see that the natives are well treated.  The men “shall not enter their houses, towns, or temples, or talk to the women; nor shall they take anything to eat, or any other articles, before you appoint a man who understands trading, and he shall buy for all what they may need.  And you shall try to find out the products of the land, and to procure specimens thereof, and ascertain the character of the people and the land; so that, when we meet you there, you may advise me of everything, and his most illustrious lordship may have knowledge of it all.”  The captain must under no consideration disembark at this land himself, but must send a trustworthy agent with armed men to arrange peace and friendship with the natives.  They must return two hours before nightfall.  If peace be made, then a trader will be appointed.  They are to be careful that “God our Lord be not offended because of the Indians you take with you; and they must examine the instructions of the pilots and see that the latter abide by these instructions.” (Nos. v-viii, pp. 46-65.)

1543.  An extensive correspondence ensues between Villalobos and Jorge de Castro, after the fleet, had reached the Philippines, [26] in which the latter, especially in his letters of July 20 and September 2, requests the former to leave the lands falling within the demarcation of the Portuguese monarch; and to cease his depredations among the natives.  Villalobos replies to these letters under dates of August 9 and September 12 respectively, justifying his expedition, and his conduct toward the natives, and stating that the requirements given him are to respect the Portuguese demarcation, which he has done. (No. ix, pp. 66-94.)

Cochin, in Portuguese India, February 22, 1547.  Fray Geronimo de Santisteban writes to the viceroy of New Spain an account of the expedition of Villalobos.  He names and describes very briefly the islands in their course; at one of these they cast anchor, and he gives a description of its people and resources.  “February 29 we saw the islands of Bindanao [Mindanao], San Juan, and San Antonio.” [27]