Inns.—­Black Lion and Golden Lion.

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St. Bees, in which parish Whitehaven is situated, is four miles to the south of Whitehaven.  The church, dedicated to St. Bega, is an ancient structure, and is still in tolerable preservation.  Until 1810 the chancel was unroofed, but in that year it was repaired, and is now occupied as a college, for the reception of young men intended for the church, but not designed to finish their studies at Oxford or Cambridge.  The grammar-school adjacent was founded by Archbishop Grindal.  Ennerdale Lake is nine miles to the east of Whitehaven, from which town it is easily reached.

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Maryport is a modern seaport on the river Ellen.  The town is advancing in prosperity, and the population rapidly increasing:  an excellent maritime trade is carried on between Maryport, Liverpool, Dublin, and other places.  The village of Ellenborough, from which the late Lord Chief Justice Law derived his title, is in the vicinity of the town.

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Workington stands on the south bank of the Derwent.  Workington Hall afforded an asylum to Mary Queen of Scots when she visited the town.

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Penrith, an ancient market town, containing about 7000 inhabitants, is on the line of the Preston and Carlisle railway.  The ruins of the Castle, supposed to have been erected by Neville, Earl of Westmoreland, overlook the town from the west.  It is built of the red stone of the district, and has suffered much from the action of the weather.  The court is now used as a farm-yard.  The parish church, dedicated to St. Andrew, is a plain structure of red stone.  There are several ancient monuments within the church; and in the south windows are portraits of Richard, Duke of York, and Cicely Neville, his wife, the parents of Edward IV. and Richard iii.  In the churchyard is a monument called the “Giant’s Grave,” said to be the burial-place of Owen Caesarius, who was “sole king of rocky Cumberland” in the time of Ida.  Not far distant is another memorial, called the “Giant’s Thumb.”  Sir Walter Scott, on all occasions when he visited Penrith, repaired to the churchyard to view these remains.  The new church, recently built at the foot of the Beacon Hill, is in the Gothic perpendicular style of architecture.  “The Beacon,” a square stone building, is erected on the heights to the north of the town.  “The hill upon which the beacon-tower stands,” we are informed by Mr. Phillips, “is one of those whereon fires were lighted in former times, when animosities ran high between the English and the Scotch, to give warning of the approach of an enemy.  A fiery chain of communication extended from the Border, northwards as far as Edinburgh, and southwards into Lancashire.  An Act of the Scottish Parliament was passed, in 1455, to direct that one bale should signify the approach of the English in any manner; two bales that they were coming indeed; and four bales that they were unusually strong.  Sir Walter Scott, in his “Lay of the Last Minstrel,” has given a vivid description of the beacons blazing through the gloom like ominous comets, and startling the night:—­