admission to one of the colleges there where the students support themselves by manual labor.  To help him in this, David sent him five pounds, which he had just received from the Society, being the whole of his quarter’s allowance in London.  On landing at New York, after selling his box and bed, Charles found his whole stock of cash to amount to L2, 13s. 6d.  Purchasing a loaf and a piece of cheese as viaticum, he started for a college at Oberlin, seven hundred miles off, where Dr. Finney was President.  He contrived to get to the college without having ever begged.  In the third year he entered on a theological course, with the view of becoming a missionary.  He did not wish, and could never agree, as a missionary, to hold an appointment from an American Society, on account of the relation of the American Churches to slavery; therefore he applied to the London Missionary Society.  David had suggested to his father that if Charles was to be a missionary, he ought to direct his attention to China.  Livingstone’s first missionary love had not become cold, and much though he might have wished to have his brother in Africa, he acted consistently on his old conviction that there were enough of English missionaries there, and that China had much more need.

The Directors declined to appoint Charles Livingstone without a personal visit, which he could not afford to make.  This circumstance led him to accept a pastorate in New England, where he remained until 1857, when he came to this country and joined his brother in the Zambesi Expedition.  Afterward he was appointed H. M. Consul at Fernando Po, but being always delicate, he succumbed to the climate of the country, and died a few months after his brother, on his way home, in October, 1873.  Sir Bartle Frere, as President of the Royal Geographical Society, paid a deserved tribute to his affectionate and earnest nature, his consistent Christian life, and his valuable help to Christian missions and the African cause generally[27].

[Footnote 27:  Journal of the Royal Geographical Society, 1874, p. cxxviii.]

Livingstone’s relations with the Boers did not improve.  He has gone so fully into this subject in his Missionary Travels that a very slight reference to it is all that is needed here.  It was at first very difficult for him to comprehend how the most flagrant injustice and inhumanity to the black race could be combined, as he found it to be, with kindness and general respectability, and even with the profession of piety.  He only came to comprehend this when, after more experience, he understood the demoralization which the slave-system produces.  It was necessary for the Boers to possess themselves of children for servants, and believing or fancying that in some tribe an insurrection was plotting, they would fall on that tribe and bring off a number of the children.  The most foul massacres were justified on the ground that they were necessary to subdue the troublesome tendencies of the people,