say that Sir Roderick had a conviction, which he never concealed, that the missionary enterprise encumbered and impeded the geographical.  He had a special objection to an Episcopal mission, holding that the planting of a Bishop and staff on territory dominated by the Portuguese was an additional irritant, rousing ecclesiastical jealousy, and bringing it to the aid of commercial and political apprehensions as to the tendency of the English enterprise.  Neither mission nor colony could succeed in the present state of the country; they could only be a trouble to the geographical explorer.  On this point Livingstone held his own views.  He could only feel in the line of duty as a missionary.  Whatever he might or might not be able to do in that capacity, he would never abandon it, and, in particular, he would never come under an obligation to the Geographical Society that he would serve them “unshackled by other avocations than those of the geographical explorer.”

A letter to Mr. James Young throws light on the feelings with which he regarded Sir Roderick’s proposal: 

“20th January, 1865—­I am not sure but I told you already that Sir Roderick and I have been writing about going out, and my fears that I must sell ‘Lady Nyassa,’ because the monsoon will be blowing from Africa to India before I get out, and it won’t do for me to keep her idle.  I must go down to the Seychelles Islands (tak’ yer speks and keek at the map or gougrafy), then run my chance to get over by a dhow or man-of-war to the Rovuma, going up that river in a boat, till we get to the cataracts, and the tramp.  I must take Belochees from India, and may go down the lake to get Makololo, if the Indians don’t answer.  I would not consent to go simply as a geographer, but as a missionary, and do geography by the way, because I feel I am in the way of duty when trying either to enlighten these poor people, or open their land to lawful commerce.”

It was at this time that Mr. Hayward, Q.C., while on a visit to Newstead, brought an informal message from Lord Palmerston, who wished to know what he could do for Livingstone.  Had Livingstone been a vain man, wishing a handle to his name, or had he even been bent on getting what would be reasonable in the way of salary for himself, or of allowance for his children, now was his chance of accomplishing his object.  But so single-hearted was he in his philanthropy that such thoughts did not so much as enter his mind; there was one thing, and one only, which he wished Lord Palmerston to secure—­free access to the highlands, by the Zambesi and Shire, to be made good by a treaty with Portugal.  It is satisfactory to record that the Foreign Office has at last made arrangements to this effect.