to put a stop to this; so we are recalled.  I am only sorry that we ever began near these slavers, but the great men of Portugal professed so loudly their eager desire to help us (and in the case of the late King I think there was sincerity), that I believed them, and now find out that it was all for show in Europe....  If missions were established as we hoped, I should still hope for good being done to this land, but the new Bishop had to pay fourpence for every pound weight of calico he bought, and calico is as much currency here as money is in Glasgow.  It looks as if they wished to prohibit any one else coming, and, unfortunately, Bishop Tozer, a good man enough, lacks courage....  What a mission it would be if there were no difficulties—­nothing but walking about in slippers made by admiring young ladies!  Hey! that would not suit me.  It would give me the doldrums; but there are many tastes in the world.”

Looking back on the work of the last six years, while deeply grieved that the great object of the Expedition had not been achieved, Dr. Livingstone was able to point to some important results: 

1.  The discovery of the Kongone harbor, and the ascertaining of the condition of the Zambesi River, and its fitness for navigation.

2.  The ascertaining of the capacity of the soil.  It was found to be admirably adapted for indigo and cotton, as well as tobacco, castor-oil, and sugar.  Its great fertility was shown by its gigantic grasses, and abundant crops of corn and maize.  The highlands were free from tsetse and mosquitoes.  The drawback to all this was the occurrence of periodical droughts, once every few years.

But every fine feature of the country was bathed in gloom by the slave-trade.  The image left in Dr. Livingstone’s mind was not that of the rich, sunny, luxuriant country, but that of the woe and wretchedness of the people.  The real service of the Expedition was, that it had exposed slavery at its fountain-head, and in all its phases.  First, there was the internal slave-trade between hostile native tribes.  Then, there were the slave-traders from the coast, Arabs, or half-caste Portuguese, for whom natives were encouraged to collect slaves by all the horrible means of marauding and murder.  And further, there were the parties sent out from Portuguese and Arab coast towns, with cloth and beads, muskets and ammunition.  The destructive and murderous effects of the last were the climax of the system.

Dr. Livingstone had seen nothing to make him regard the African as of a different species from the rest of the human family.  Nor was he the lowest of the species.  He had a strong frame and a wonderfully persistent vitality, was free from many European diseases, and could withstand privations with wonderful light-heartedness.

He did not deem it necessary formally to answer a question sometimes put, whether the African had enough of intellect to receive Christianity.  The reception of Christianity did not depend on intellect.  It depended, as Sir James Stephen had remarked, on a spiritual intuition, which was not the fruit of intellectual culture.  But, in fact, the success of missions on the West Coast showed that not only could the African be converted to Christianity, but that Christianity might take root and be cordially supported by the African race.