[204] Fernao de Magalhaes was a native of Oporto, and of noble lineage.  In early life he entered the Portuguese army, in which he rendered distinguished service; from 1505 until probably 1511 he was in India.  Finding no opportunity for promotion in Portugal, he transferred his allegiance (1518) to the King of Castile, and promised the latter that he would discover a new route to Moluccas.  Magalhaes set out on this expedition September 20, 1519, with five ships, and discovered the strait which bears his name; he also discovered and explored partially the Philippine Archipelago.  He was slain in a fight with the natives in the island of Matan, April 27, 1521.

[205] Navarrete presents only an analysis of this letter.

[206] An itemized account (condensed) of the expenses involved in the preparation and equipment of the fleet is given by Navarrete, no. xvii, pp. 162-182.  An English translation is presented in Guillemard’s Life of Magellan, appendix iv, pp. 329-336.  From a comparison of the two, it appears that the latter had access to the original documents at Seville.  Few slight differences occur between them.  The figures as given by Navarrete show several errors.  The student will do well to examine both of these lists.  No. xviii in Navarrete, pp. 182-188, shows the amounts and distribution of the food and other stores carried.

[207] Navarrete says, ut supra, p. xiii, that the officials of the House of Trade were always hostile to Magallanes.  The Portuguese machinations to cause the defeat and ruin of the expedition and the efforts put forth to induce Magallanes to return to his allegiance are well shown in two documents.  The first is a letter written the Portuguese king by Alvaro da Costa, September 28, 1518.  Navarrete, no. vi, pp. 123, 124, gives a Spanish extract made by Munoz from the original in Portugal, and Guillemard, ut supra, pp. 114-116 (see also note, p. 116), gives in part an English translation.  The second document is a letter written from Seville, July 18, 1519, by the Portuguese factor Sebastian Alvarez to the King of Portugal.  Navarrete, no. xv, pp. 153-155, gives a Spanish extract made by Munoz.  The Portuguese of the entire letter is published in Alguns Documentos, pp. 431-435.  Guillemard, ut supra, pp. 130-134, gives an English translation of its essential portions, which is borrowed, in part, by Butterworth in Story of Magellan, pp. 46-48, New York, 1899.

[208] All these are synopses of the documents.

[209] Ibid.

[210] More than this number actually sailed; see Guillemard, Life of Magellan, p. 336.

[211] The matter in brackets is evidently by Navarrete.

[212] This document opens with a list of the various dignities of the King and Queen of Spain, which is omitted here, as being similar to that already given in the Treaty of Tordesillas.

[213] Reference is here made to Juana, Carlos I’s mother, the daughter and nominally the successor of Isabella, and later of Ferdinand.  Juana being inflicted with insanity from 1503 until her death in 1555, Ferdinand acted as regent until his death (1516), when Cardinal Ximenes succeeded him in that capacity, acting until Carlos I attained his majority. (1518)—­Juana still being queen of Castile and Aragon.