[25] Montero y Vidal, i, pp. 41-42.

[26] Juan de Grijalva.  From W.E.  Retana’s extracts from his Cronica de la Orden de N.P.S.  Augustin en las provincias de la Nueva Espana, etc. (1533-1592) in Retana’s edition of Zuniga’s Estadismo de las Islas Filipinas, ii. p. 219 ff.  Juan de Salcedo after being promoted to the high rank of Maestre de Campo (an independent command) died suddenly in 1576 at the age of twenty-seven.  Far from amassing wealth in his career he died poor.  In his will he provided that after the payment of his debts the residue of his property should be given to certain Indians of his encomienda.  Ibid., p. 615.

[27] This account of the conversion is based on Grijalva’s contemporary narrative; see Retana’s Zuniga, ii, pp. 219-220.

[28] Montero y Vidal, i, p. 59.

[29] Retana’s Zuniga, ii, p. 222; Morga, Hakluyt Society edition, pp. 307-308; Montero y Vidal, i, p. 60.

[30] He was lieutenant to the Governor and the first justice to be appointed to the supreme court (Audiencia) on its reorganization.  His Sucesos de la islas Philipinas—­Mexici ad Indos, anno 1609, is a work of great rarity.  It was reprinted in Paris in 1890 with annotations by the Filipino author and patriot, Dr. Jose Rizal and with an Introduction by Blumentritt.  Rizal tries to show that the Filipinos have retrograded in civilization under Spanish rule; cf.  Retana’s comments in his Zuniga, ii, p. 277.  The references to Morga to follow are to the Hakluyt Society edition.

[31] A natural transference of the familiar name in Spain for Mohammedans.

[32] Morga, pp. 296-297.

[33] Footnote 32:  Morga. p. 323.

[34] Relacion de las Encomiendas existentes en Filipinas el dia 31 de Mayo de 1591. in Retana:  Archivo del Bibliofilo Filipino, iv, pp. 39-112.

[35] Mendoza, The History of the Great and Mighty Kingdom of China.  Hakluyt Society edition, ii, p. 263.

[36] Printed in Retana’s Archivo, iii, pp. 3-45.

[37] “Of little avail would have been the valor and constancy with which Legaspi and his worthy companions overcame the natives of the islands, if the apostolic zeal of the missionaries had not seconded their exertions, and aided to consolidate the enterprise.  The latter were the real conquerors; they who without any other arms than their virtues, gained over the good will of the islanders, caused the Spanish name to be beloved, and gave the king, as it were by a miracle, two millions more of submissive and Christian subjects.”  Tomas de Comyn, State of the Philippine Islands, etc., translated by William Walton, London, 1821, p. 209.  Comyn was the general manager of the Royal Philippine Company for eight years in Manila and is described by his latest editor, Senor del Pan, editor of the Revista de Filipinas, as a man of “extensive knowledge especially in the social