[8] The question is fully discussed in Guillemard’s Life of Ferdinand Magellan, pp. 68-69.

[9] Guillemard, Magellan, p. 71.

[10] First Voyage Round the World by Magellan, p. 187.

[11] Navarrete, Coleccion de los Viages y Descubrimientos, etc., iv, p. 117.

[12] Las Casas:  Historia de las Indias.  Col. de Docs.  Ined. para la Historia de Espana, lxv, pp. 376-377.  This account by Las Casas apparently has been overlooked by English writers on Magellan.  It is noticed by Peschel, Geschichte des Zeitalters der Entdeckungen, p. 488.

[13] See Guillemard’s comparison between the voyages of Columbus and Magellan in Life of Magellan, p. 258.

[14] See Pigafetta’s account in The First Voyage Round the World by Magellan, p. 74.

[15] Pigafetta, ibid., p. 76.

[16] The description of the Philippines and their inhabitants which we owe to the Italian Pigafetta who accompanied Magellan is especially noteworthy not only as the first European account of them, but also as affording a gauge by which to estimate the changes wrought by the Spanish conquest and the missions.

[17] See E. G. Bourne:  Essays in Historical Criticism, pp. 209-211 for an account of the Badajos Junta which attempted to settle the question of the rights to the Moluccas.  The documents are in Navarrete, iv, pp. 333-370, a somewhat abridged translation of which is presented in this volume.  Sandoval attributes the sale of the Moluccas to Charles’s financial straits.  Navarrete, iv, xx.  The treaty of sale is in Navarrete, iv, pp. 389-406.

[18] Navarrete, iv, p. 394.

[19] Navarrete, iv, p. 396.

[20] See the correspondence in Col. de Doc.  Ineditos de Ultramar, vol. ii (vol. i of subdivision de las Islas Filipinas), p. 66.

[21] Relacion del Viaje que hizo desde la Nueva-Espana a las Islas del Poniente Ruy Gomez de Villalobos, written by Garcia Descalante Alvarado. Coleccion de Docs.  Ined. del Archivo de Indias v, p. 127.  The name was first given in July or August 1543 to some of the smaller islands in the group.  On page 122, Alvarado writes “chinos que vienen a Mindanao y a las Philipinas.”  Montero y Vidal says that the island first to receive the name was Leyte. Hist.  Gen. de Filipinas, i, p. 27, In 1561, Urdaneta uses “las islas Filipinas” in the ordinary way; see his “Derrotero” prepared for the expedition. Col.  Docs.  Ined. vol. i, p. 130 ff.

[22] Col. de Docs.  Ined. de Ultramar, vol. ii, pp. 95-96.

[23] Ibid., pp. 109-111.

[24] In September, 1568, a Portuguese squadron despatched by the Governor of the Moluccas appeared off Cebu to drive the Spaniards out of the Visayan Islands.  The commander satisfied himself with diplomatic protests.  Montero y Vidal:  Hist.  Gen. de Filipinas, i, p. 34.