Carlos III.—­Born at Madrid, Jan. 20, 1716; son of Felipe V and Isabel Farnese.  Married Maria Amalia of Saxony.  Died at Madrid, Dec. 14, 1788.

Carlos IV.—­Born Nov. 11, 1748; son of Carlos III.  Married Maria Louisa of Parma.  Proclaimed king, Jan. 17, 1789; abdicated the throne March 18, 1808; died at Naples, Jan. 19, 1819.

List of the Rulers of Portugal

House of Aviz

Joao II.—­Born at Lisbon, May 3, 1455; son of Affonso V. Married Leonor de Lancaster, Jan. 22, 1471.  Reigned from Aug. 31, 1481 until his death.  Died at Villa de Alvor, Oct. 25, 1495.  Styled “the Perfect Prince,” also “the Great,” and “the Severe.”

Manoel.—­Born May 31, 1469; cousin of Joao II.  Married Isabel of Castilla (eldest daughter of Fernando and Isabel), in 1497; Maria, her sister, Oct. 30, 1500; Leonora, sister of Charles V of Germany in 1518.  Died Dec. 13, 1521.  Styled “the Fortunate.”

Joao III.—­Born at Lisbon, June 6, 1502; son of Manoel and Maria.  Reigned from Dec. 19, 1521, until his death, June 11, 1557.  Married Catarina sister of Charles V of Germany.

Sebastiao.—­Born Jan. 20, 1554; grandson of Joao III.  Slain in battle, Aug. 4, 1578.  His grandmother Catarina acted as regent during his minority (1557-68).

Henrique.—­Born at Lisbon, Jan. 31, 1512; son of Manoel; became a cardinal in the Roman church.  Reigned from Aug. 29, 1578 until Jan. 31, 1580; had been associated with Catarina in the regency.

Antonio.—­Born in 1531; grandson (but regarded by most writers as illegitimate) of Manoel.  Reigned from June 19 to Sept. 2, 1580.

House of Austria (Spain)

Filippe I.—­Reigned from Sept. 2, 1580 (taking oath at Lisbon in April, 1581), to Sept. 13, 1598.  See Felipe II of Spain.

Filippe II.—­Reigned from Sept. 13, 1598 to Mar 31, 1621.  See Felipe III of Spain.

Filippe III.—­Reigned from Mar. 31, 1621 to Nov. 31, 1640.  See Felipe IV of Spain.

House of Braganza

Joao IV.—­Born March 19, 1604; son of Theodosio II, duke of Braganza, and Ana de Velasco.  Married Luiza de Guzman, Jan. 13, 1633.  Reigned from Dec. 1, 1640 until his death, Nov. 6, 1656.  Styled “the Fortunate.”

Affonso VI.—­Born Aug. 21, 1643; son of Joao IV and Luiza.  Married Maria Francesca Isabel of Savoy, in 1666.  Compelled to renounce the throne, as incompetent, Nov. 23, 1667.  Died at Cintra, Sept. 12, 1683.  During his minority, his mother acted as regent (Nov. 6, 1656 to June 22, 1662); during the latter part of his reign, his brother Pedro.

Pedro II.—­Born April 26, 1648; son of Joao IV.  Married Maria Francesca Isabel of Savoy, March 27, 1668; Maria Sophia Elizabeth of Bavaria, in 1687.  Died Dec. 9, 1706.  Regent for Affonso, from Nov. 23, 1667 until the latter’s death; king, from Sept. 12, 1683 to Dec. 9, 1706.