Benedictus XIII (Vicenzo Marco Orsino).—­* Born Feb. 2, 1649; became pontiff, May 29, 1724; died Feb. 21, 1730.

Clemens XII (Lorenzo Corsini).—­Born Apr. 11 (?), 1652; became pontiff, July 12, 1730; died Feb. 6, 1740.

Benedictus XIV (Prospero Lambertini).—­Born Mar. 31, 1675; became pontiff, Aug. 17, 1740; died May 3, 1758.

Clemens XIII (Carlo Rezzonico).—­Born Mar. 17, 1693; became pontiff, July 6, 1758; died Feb. 2, 1769.

Clemens XIV (Giovanni Vincenzo Antonio Ganganelli).—­Born Oct. 31, 1705; became pontiff, May 19, 1769; died Sept. 22, 1774.

Pius VI (Giovanni Angelo Braschi).—­Born Dec. 27, 1717; became pontiff, Feb. 15, 1775; died Aug. 29, 1799.

Pius VII (Gregorio Barnaba Luigi Chiaramonti).—­Born Aug. 14, 1742; became pontiff, Mar. 14, 1800; died Aug. 20, 1823.

List of the Rulers of Spain

House of Castilla and Aragon

Isabel I of Castilla.—­Born at Madrigal de las Altas Torres (Avila), April 22, 1451; daughter of Juan II of Castilla and Isabel of Portugal.  Married Fernando II of Aragon, Oct. 18 or 19, 1469.  Succeeded her brother Enrique IV on the throne of Castilla and Leon; proclaimed queen Dec. 13, 1474.  Died at Medina del Campo (Valladolid), Nov. 26, 1504.  Named as her heirs her daughter Juana and the latter’s husband, Philip of Austria; and appointed Fernando (now V of Castilla) regent of Castilla and Leon during the minority of Juana’s son Carlos.  Fernando and Isabel were styled “the Catholic Sovereigns.”

Fernando V of Castilla (II of Aragon and Navarra).—­Born at Sos (Zaragoza), May 10, 1452; son of Juan II and Juana Enriquez of Aragon and Navarra.  Died at Madrigalejo, Jan. 23, 1516.  During Isabel’s life, was king-consort, and governed her dominions only by virtue of this relation; after her death, was regent only of Castilla, which dignity he held until his death, except from June 27, 1506, to Aug. 21, 1507, during which period he retired to Aragon, in favor of Juana’s husband Philip.  Inheriting the throne of Aragon and Navarra (Jan. 20, 1479), his marriage with Isabel (1469) and their conquest of Granada (1492) united under one monarchy the provinces now comprised in the country of Spain.

Juana.—­Born at Toledo, in 1479; second daughter of Isabel and Fernando.  Married Philip of Austria, Oct. 20 or 21, 1496.  Died at Tordesillas, April 11, 1555.  Reigned from Nov. 26, 1504, until her death—­jointly with her husband, during his life; and with her son thereafter—­but under her father’s regency until 1516; during her reign she was more or less subject to insanity, and was but nominally queen, seldom exercising royal powers, and living in strict seclusion.  Known as “la Loca,” “the Mad.”

House of Austria

Felipe I (Philip of Austria).—­Born at Bruges, July 22, 1478; son of Maximilian I, emperor of Germany, and Maria de Borgona.  By his marriage to Juana, was king-consort of Castilla from Nov. 26, 1504, until his death.  Died at Burgos, Sept. 25, 1506.  Styled “el Hermoso,” “the Beautiful.”