sufficient force to the natives, and to punish those who killed Magalhaes.  He cites the example of the Portuguese who send large fleets to the east, and gain respect through fear, “for if the King of Portugal has prestige in the Indies, it is because he has always tried to demonstrate his power there, sending as large a fleet as possible each year.  Therefore not only did he rule those lands with love and good works, but to a greater degree by means of fear.”  In the matter of trading, the king should keep control; for if traders are allowed to trade on their own account they will ruin everything, and will sell lower, being content with thirty or forty per cent when they might gain one hundred per cent or more.  He advises the king that trading should be under the control of his Majesty’s factor. (No. xxviii, pp. 298-301.)

Chainho, 1523.  Antonio Brito writes to the king of Portugal in regard to events in India and the voyage of Magalhaes.  “I arrived at Tidore May 13, 522 [sic].  The Castilians had been there and loaded two of the five vessels that sailed from Castilla; and I learned that the one had left there four months before, and the other one month and a half.”  On October 20, news is brought of a ship.  Brito orders it brought to port, and finds, as he had supposed, that it is a Castilian vessel.  Of their crew of fifty-four men, thirty had died.  Their maps and instruments are seized; and the ship and cargo confiscated, the wood of the former being used in the fortress.  “They said that the bishop of Burgos and Cristobal de Haro had fitted out this fleet.”  A short account of the voyage is given.  From Rio de Janeiro the Castilians “sailed to the river called Solis, where Fernando Magallanes thought a passage would be found; and they stayed there forty days....  They coasted along shore to a river called San Juan, where they wintered for four months.  Here the captains began to ask where he was taking them, especially one Juan de Cartagena....  Then they tried to rise against Magallanes and kill him.”  The flight of the “San Antonio” is narrated, “and it is not known whether it returned to Castilla or whether it was lost.”  The discovery of the strait is noted, with a brief description of its location.  The succeeding events—­the death of Magalhaes, the election of two captains (Duarte Barbosa, “a Portuguese, and brother-in-law of Magallanes;... and Juan Serrana, a Castilian"), and the death of Barbosa and thirty-five or thirty-six men at the hands of natives, are briefly narrated.  “They sailed to an island called Mindanao ... and had an interview with the king, who showed them where Borneo lay,” whither they next journeyed.  Here they were taken by the natives for Portuguese, and were well treated.  They asked for pilots to conduct them to the Moluccas, but the king gave them only as far as Mindanao “on the opposite side from which they had come, where they would get other pilots.  Mindanao is a very large and fertile island.”  Brito relates further the disposition made of the Castilians and their cargo. (No. xxx, pp. 305-311.)