men.”  They may even specify a less number if it seems expedient.  “All the seamen who sail in the said fleet shall be received under the supervision of our Captain Fernando de Magallanes, as he is the most experienced in such things.”  Full declarations in writing must be made of the route to be followed and a copy shall be given to each pilot.  The officials are ordered to buy from Magallanes the excess of powder, arms, etc., that has been provided for the fleet, “since it can be used in other things,” paying him what it cost. (No. xiii, pp. 129, 130.)

Barcelona, May 8, 1519.  The instructions given to Magallanes and Falero discuss more or less fully such points as the method and manner of navigation (information as to routes given to the other captains and pilots, method of signaling at night, and manner of procedure in case the vessels become separated); treatment of natives found, treatment of other vessels found trading in these spice regions, “within our demarcation,” such treatment differing if the vessels are those of Christians or of Moros (Mahometans); ransoms and exchange of prisoners; trade with the natives; division of prize-money; reprovisioning the ships; giving of rations; keeping of accounts; regulations concerning firearms; penalties for disobedience to the captain-general; the taking of oaths; morals; discoveries; weights and measures in trading; deaths of officers of the fleet, and the cargo.  Above all, the domains and demarcation of the Portuguese monarch must be respected.  The exact location of all lands must be noted, and if these are inhabited they are to “try to ascertain if there is anything in that land that will be to our interest.”  The natives must be well treated, in order that food and water may be obtained.  When the land of spices is reached “you will make a treaty of peace or trade with the king or lord of that land.”  As high a valuation as possible is to be placed on the articles traded from the ships.  The inspector-general and accountant shall note everything in their books.  Other vessels found in the spice regions shall, if Christians, be warned not to trade further without permission, under penalty of seizure and confiscation of property; if Moros, “not of the lands of our demarcation, you shall seize them in fair war,” and the gold, etc., found in their ships must be noted carefully in the books.  Moros who may, by their rank, avail for ransom are to be well treated, but they may be sold as slaves.  If Moros are found “who are of our demarcation,” they must be well treated; and a treaty must be made, if possible, with their king or seignior.  If they do not desire peace, then the Castilians may exercise a certain amount of cruelty against them to serve as a warning.  Of the prize money or merchandise of captured ships, certain percentages are to be given to all, these portions varying.  The King’s share (one-fifth of the amount remaining, after deducting certain sums that go to the captain-generals, and the one-twentieth