On the other hand, let us take the example of an egg farm man who has resolved to combine his attention wholly to the production of market eggs.  He succeeds well in his work and is visited by the poultry editors.  His picture, the picture of his chickens and of his chicken houses, are printed in the poultry papers.  For a reasonable sum invested in advertising and in exhibition at the shows, this man could now double his income by going into the breeding stock business.  To refuse to spread out in this case would certainly be foolish.

The following classification of the sales products of the poultry industry is given as a basis for farther consideration.

Chickens.

For food purposes: 

Eggs. 
Hens, after laying has been finished. 
Cockerels, necessarily hatched in hatching pullets for layers. 
(Sold as squab broilers, regular broilers, springs,
roasters or capons.)
Both sexes as squab broilers, broilers or roasters.

For stock purposes: 
    Eggs for hatching. 
    Day-old chicks. 
    Mature fowls.

Ducks.

For table—­green or spring ducks. 
    By-products, old ducks and duck feathers.

For breeding-stock.

Geese.

Food, Feathers, Breeders.

Turkeys.

Food, Breeders.

Pigeons.

Squabs, Breeding Stock.

Guineas.

Broilers, Mature Fowls.

I will now discuss these products more in detail.  Poultry, other than chickens, I do not care to discuss at length, because it is not for the purpose of the book, and because the demand for other kinds of poultry is limited and the chance for the growth of the business small.

The Duck Business.

The duck business is the most highly commercialized at the present time of any branch of the poultry business.  The duck is the oldest domestic bird and was hatched by artificial incubation in China, when our ancestors were gnawing raw bones in the caves of Europe.  The duck is the most domestic of birds and will thrive under more machine-like methods and without that touch of nature and of the owner’s kindly interest so necessary to the welfare of the fowls of the gallinaceous order.  The green duck business is about twenty years old and has become an established business in every sense of the word.  The largest plants now produce about one hundred thousand ducks per annum.  The profits at present are not large even for the most successful plants, because the demand is limited and the production has reached such a point that cost of production and selling price bear a definite relation as in all established businesses.  The green duck business is not an easy one for the novice because the margin between cost (chiefly food cost) and selling price is low, and unless the new man can reduce the cost of production or raise his selling price in some way, he will have no advantage over the old and successful firms.