CAREY, HENRY (d. 1743).—­Dramatist and song-writer, was believed to be an illegitimate s. of George Savile, Marquis of Halifax.  He wrote innumerable burlesques, farces, songs, etc., often with his own music, including Chrononhotonthologos (1734), a burlesque on the mouthing plays of the day, and The Dragon of Wantley (1744?).  His poem, Namby Pamby, in ridicule of Ambrose Phillips (q.v.), added a word to the language, and his Sally in our Alley is one of our best-known songs. God Save the King was also claimed for him, but apparently without reason.

CARLETON, WILLIAM (1794-1869).—­Novelist, s. of a poor Irish cottar, b. and brought up among the Irish peasantry, acquired an insight into their ideas and feelings which has never been equalled.  His finest work is in his short stories, collected under the title of Traits and Stories of the Irish Peasantry, of which two series were pub. in 1830 and 1832 respectively.  He also wrote several longer novels, of which the best is Fardorougha the Miser (1837), a work of great power.  Others are The Misfortunes of Barny Branagan (1841), Valentine M’Clutchy (1845), Rody the Rover (1847), The Squanders of Castle Squander (1854), and The Evil Eye.  C. received a pension of L200 from Government.

CARLYLE, ALEXANDER (1722-1805).—­Autobiographer, s. of the Minister of Cummertrees, Dumfriesshire, was ed. at Edin. and Leyden, and entering the Church became Minister of Inveresk, and was associated with Principal Robertson as an ecclesiastical leader.  He was a man of great ability, shrewdness, and culture, and the friend of most of the eminent literary men in Scotland of his day.  He left an autobiography in MS., which was ed. by Hill Burton, and pub. in 1860, and which is one of the most interesting contemporary accounts of his time.  His stately appearance gained for him the name of “Jupiter” C.

CARLYLE, THOMAS (1795-1881).—­Historian and essayist, was b. at Ecclefechan in Dumfriesshire.  His f., James C., was a stonemason, a man of intellect and strong character, and his mother was, as he said, “of the fairest descent, that of the pious, the just, and the wise.”  His earliest education was received at the parish school of Ecclefechan (the Entepfuhl of Sartor Resartus).  Thence he went to the Grammar School of Annan, and in 1809 to the Univ. of Edin., the 90 miles to which he travelled on foot.  There he read voraciously, his chief study being mathematics.  After completing his “Arts” course, he went on to divinity with the view of entering the Church, but about the middle of his course found that he could not proceed.  He became a schoolmaster first at Annan and then at Kirkcaldy, where he formed a profound friendship with Edward Irving (q.v.), and met Margaret Gordon, afterwards Lady Bannerman, believed by some to be