CALDERWOOD, DAVID (1575-1650).—­Scottish Church historian, belonged to a good family, and about 1604 became minister of Crailing, Roxburghshire.  Opposing the designs of James VI. for setting up Episcopacy, he was imprisoned 1617, and afterwards had to betake himself to Holland, where his controversial work, Altare Damascenum, against Episcopacy, was pub. In 1625 he returned to Scotland, and began his great work, The Historie of the Kirk of Scotland, which was pub. in an abridged form (1646).  The complete work was printed (1841-49) for the Woodrow Society.  C. became minister of Pencaitland, East Lothian, about 1640, and was one of those appointed to draw up The Directory for Public Worship in Scotland.

CALVERLEY, CHARLES STUART (1831-1884).—­Poet and translator, s. of the Rev. H. Blayds (who assumed the name of Calverley), was ed. at Harrow, Oxf., and Camb.  He was called to the Bar in 1865, and appeared to have a brilliant career before him, when a fall on the ice in 1866 changed him from a distinguished athlete to a life-long invalid.  Brilliant as a scholar, a musician, and a talker, he is perhaps best known as one of the greatest of parodists.  He pub. Verses and Translations (1862), and Fly-leaves (1872).  He also translated Theocritus (1869).

CAMDEN, WILLIAM (1551-1623).—­Antiquary and historian, b. in London, and ed. at Christ’s Hospital, St. Paul’s School, and Oxf., was in 1575 appointed Second Master in Westminster School, and Head Master in 1593, and spent his vacations in travelling over England collecting antiquarian information.  His great work, Britannia, was pub. in 1586, and at once brought him fame both at home and abroad.  It is a work of vast labour and erudition, written in elegant Latin.  In 1597 C. was made Clarencieux King-at-Arms which, setting him free from his academic duties, enabled him to devote more time to his antiquarian and historical labours.  His other principal works are Annals of the Reign of Elizabeth (printed 1615-1623), Monuments and Inscriptions in Westminster Abbey (1600), and a coll. of Ancient English Historians.  He was buried in Westminster Abbey.  The Camden Society for historical research, founded in 1838, is named after him.

CAMPBELL, GEORGE (1719-1796).—­Theologian and philosopher, was a minister of the Church of Scotland at Aberdeen, and Principal and Prof. of Divinity in Marischal Coll. there.  His Dissertation on Miracles (1763), in answer to Hume, was in its day considered a masterly argument, and was admitted to be so by Hume himself.  His other principal works were The Philosophy of Rhetoric (1776), which is still a standard work, and A Translation of the Four Gospels with Notes.