Other works are Coombe Ellen and St. Michael’s Mount (1798), The Battle of the Nile (1799), The Sorrows of Switzerland (1801), St. John in Patmos (1833), etc.

BOWRING, SIR JOHN (1792-1872).—­Linguist, writer, and traveller, was b. at Exeter.  His talent for acquiring languages enabled him at last to say that he knew 200, and could speak 100.  He was appointed editor of the Westminster Review in 1824; travelled in various countries with the view of reporting on their commercial position; was an M.P. 1835-37 and 1841-49, and held various appointments in China.  His chief literary work was the translation of the folk-songs of most European nations, and he also wrote original poems and hymns, and works on political and economic subjects.  B. was knighted in 1854.  He was the literary executor of Jeremy Bentham (q.v.).

BOYD, ANDREW KENNEDY HUTCHISON (1825-1899).—­Miscellaneous writer, s. of Rev. Dr. B. of Glasgow, was originally intended for the English Bar, but entered the Church of Scotland, and was minister latterly at St. Andrews, wrote in Fraser’s Magazine a series of light, chirping articles subsequently collected as the Recreations of a Country Parson, also several books of reminiscences, etc., written in a pleasant chatty style, and some sermons.  He was D.D. and LL.D.

BOYD, ZACHARY (1585-1653).—­Divine, belonged to the family of B. of Pinkhill, Ayrshire, was ed. at Glasgow and at Saumur.  He translated many parts of Scripture into uncouth verse.  Among his works are The Garden of Zion and Zion’s Flowers.

BOYLE, THE HON.  ROBERT (1627-1691).—­Natural Philosopher and chemist, 7th s. of the 1st Earl of Cork, was b. at Lismore, Co.  Waterford, and ed. at Eton and by private tutors, after which he pursued his studies on the Continent.  On his return to England he devoted himself to the study of science, especially natural philosophy and chemistry.  He was one of the founders of the Royal Society, and, by his experiments and observations added to existing knowledge, especially in regard to pneumatics.  He at the same time devoted much study to theology; so much indeed that he was strongly urged by Lord Clarendon to enter the Church.  Thinking, however, that he could serve the cause of religion better as a layman, he declined this advice.  As a director of the East India Co. he did much for the propagation of Christianity in the East, and for the dissemination of the Bible.  He also founded the “Boyle Lectures” in defence of Christianity.  He declined the offer of a peerage.  B. was a man of great intellectual acuteness, and remarkable for his conversational powers.  Among his writings are Origin of Forms and Qualities, Experiments touching Colour, Hydrostatical Paradoxes, and Observations on Cold; in theology, Seraphic Love.  His complete works were pub. in 5 vols. in 1744.